C++网络编程服务器select模型(参考)

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<WinSock2.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"Ws2_32.lib")
const int nPort=10000;
const int buf_len=1024;
struct Connection{
  SOCKET hSocket;
  char Buffer[buf_len];
  int nBytes;
  Connection(SOCKET socket):hSocket(socket),nBytes(0)//结构体构造函数,hSocket的初始值为socket,nBytes的初始值为0;
  {}
};  //注意:要加分号
typedef vector<Connection*> ConnectionList;
SOCKET BindListen()
{
	SOCKET HSListen=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);//创建套接字
	sockaddr_in sdListen;
	sdListen.sin_family=AF_INET;
	sdListen.sin_port=htons(nPort);
	sdListen.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	if(bind(HSListen,(sockaddr*)&sdListen,sizeof(sockaddr_in))==SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		cout<<"绑定失败"<<endl;
		return INVALID_SOCKET;
	}
	else
		return HSListen;
}
//分析conns中的客户连接,根据分析结果填充各个fd_set
void ResetFDset(fd_set &fdRead,fd_set &fdWrite,fd_set &fdExcept,SOCKET sdListen,const ConnectionList &conns)
{
	//首先清空各个fd_set
	FD_ZERO(&fdRead);
	FD_ZERO(&fdWrite);
	FD_ZERO(&fdExcept);
	//监听套接字每次都被放入fdRead,也就是说每次调用select都会去检测是否有新的连接请求
	FD_SET(sdListen,&fdRead);
	FD_SET(sdListen,&fdExcept);
	ConnectionList::const_iterator it=conns.begin();//获取vector中首个元素的地址,vector中的元素是连续存储的,类似数组
	//不同于链
	for(;it!=conns.end();++it)
	{
		Connection *pConn=*it;//取出地址为it的内容,其内容为 Connection *类型
		//客户连接的缓冲区还有空间,可以继续接收数据,就需要把其对应的套接字句柄放入fdRead中
		if(pConn->nBytes<buf_len)
		{
			FD_SET(pConn->hSocket,&fdRead);
		}
		//客户连接的缓冲区还有数据需要发送,就需要把其对应的套接字句柄放入到fdWrite中
		if(pConn->nBytes>0)
		{
			FD_SET(pConn->hSocket,&fdWrite);
		}
		//每个连接的套接字句柄都需要放到fd_Except中,以便select 能够检测其I/O错误
		FD_SET(pConn->hSocket,&fdExcept);
	}
}
//检查是否有新的客户连接
int CheckAccept(const fd_set &fdRead,const fd_set &fdExcept,SOCKET sdListen,ConnectionList &conns)
{
	int lastErr=0;
	//首先检查是否发生错误
	if(FD_ISSET(sdListen,&fdExcept))
	{
		int errlen=sizeof(lastErr);
		getsockopt(sdListen,SOL_SOCKET,SO_ERROR,(char *)&lastErr,&errlen);
		cout<<"I/O error"<<lastErr<<endl;
		return SOCKET_ERROR;
	}
	//检查fdRead中是否包含了监听套接字,如果是,则证明有新的连接请求,可以用accept
	if(FD_ISSET(sdListen,&fdRead))
	{
		//由于fd_set有大小限制(最多为FD_SETSIZE),所以当已有客户连接到达这个限制时,不再接受连接请求
		if(conns.size()>=FD_SETSIZE-1)
		{
			return 0;
		}
		//调用accept来接受连接请求
		sockaddr_in saRemote;
		int nSize=sizeof(sockaddr_in);
		SOCKET sd=accept(sdListen,(sockaddr *)&saRemote,&nSize);
		lastErr=WSAGetLastError();
		//为了程序的健壮性,检查WSAEWOULDBLOCK错误
		if(sd==INVALID_SOCKET&&lastErr!=WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
		{
			cout<<"接收错误"<<lastErr<<endl;
			return SOCKET_ERROR;
		}
		if(sd!=INVALID_SOCKET)
		{
			//获取了新的客户连接套接字句柄,需要把它设为非阻塞模式,以便对其使用select函数
			u_long nNoBlock=1;
			if(ioctlsocket(sd,FIONBIO,&nNoBlock)==SOCKET_ERROR)
			{
				cout<<"ioctlsocket error"<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
				return SOCKET_ERROR;
			}
			//为新的客户连接创建一个Connection对象,并且加入到conns中去
			conns.push_back(new Connection(sd));
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
//被动安全关闭连接
//该函数被调用的原因是recv返回0,代表对方关闭了连接(即对方停止了数据发送)
//如果本地还有数据没有发送出去,则需要继续调用send来把剩余的数据发送出去,之后
//再调用shutdown来停止发送数据
bool PassiveShutdown(SOCKET sd,const char *buff,int len)
{
	if(buff!=NULL && len>0)
	{
		//使用阻塞I/O模型把剩余数据发送出去
		u_long nNoBlock=0;
		if(ioctlsocket(sd,FIONBIO,&nNoBlock)==SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			cout<<"ioctlsocket error"<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
			return false;
		}
		int nSent=0;
		//把剩余数据发送出去
		while(nSent<len)
		{
			int nTemp=send(sd,&buff[nSent],len=nSent,0);
			if(nTemp>0)
			{
				nSent+=nTemp;
			}
			else if(nTemp==SOCKET_ERROR)
			{cout<<"发送失败"<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
			return false;
			}
			else
			{
				cout<<"对方关闭连接"<<endl;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if(shutdown(sd,SD_SEND)==SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		cout<<"关闭失败"<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
//select成功返回并标明recv就绪,调用recv接收数据
bool TryRead(Connection *pConn)
{
	//pConn->buffer+pConn->nBytes表示缓冲区Buffer可用空间的开始位置
	//buf_len-pConn->nBytes表示缓冲区Buffer可用空间的大小
	int nRet=recv(pConn->hSocket ,pConn->Buffer+pConn->nBytes,buf_len-pConn->nBytes,0);
	if(nRet>0)
	{
		pConn->nBytes+=nRet;
		return true;
	}
	//对方关闭了连接,调用被动安全关闭连接PassiveShutdown函数
	else if(nRet==0)
	{
		cout<<"对方关闭连接"<<endl;
		PassiveShutdown(pConn->hSocket,pConn->Buffer,pConn->nBytes);
		return false;
	}
	//发生了错误。为了程序的健壮性,检查WSAEWOULDBLOCK错误
	else
	{
		int lastErr=WSAGetLastError();
		if(lastErr==WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
		{
			return true;
		}
		cout<<"接收失败"<<lastErr<<endl;
		return false;
	}
}
//select成功返回并表明send就绪,调用send发送数据
bool TryWrite(Connection *pConn)
{
	int nSent=send(pConn->hSocket,pConn->Buffer,pConn->nBytes,0);
	if(nSent>0)
	{
		pConn->nBytes-=nSent;
		//Buffer中还有数据尚未发送出去
		if(pConn->nBytes>0)
		{
			//把尚未发送的数据从Buffer的尾部移动到Buffer头部
			memmove(pConn->Buffer,pConn->Buffer+nSent,pConn->nBytes);
		}
		return true;
	}
	//对方关闭了连接,调用了被动安全关闭连接PassiveShutdown函数
	else if(nSent==0)
	{
		cout<<"对方关闭连接"<<endl;
	    PassiveShutdown(pConn->hSocket,pConn->Buffer,pConn->nBytes);
	    return false;
	}
	//发生了错误,为了程序的健壮性,检查WSAEWOULDBLOCK错误
	else
	{
		int lastErr=WSAGetLastError();
		if(lastErr==WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
		{
			return true;
		}
		cout<<"发送失败"<<lastErr<<endl;
		return false;
	}
}
//检查当前所有客户连接,看看它们是否可读(recv),可写(send),还是I/O错误
void CheckConn(const fd_set &fdRead,const fd_set &fdWrite,const fd_set &fdExcept,ConnectionList &conns)
{
	ConnectionList::iterator it=conns.begin();
	while(it!=conns.end())
	{
		Connection *pConn=*it;
		bool bOk=true;
		//检查当前连接是否发生I/O错误
		if(FD_ISSET(pConn->hSocket,&fdExcept))
		{
			bOk=false;
			int lastErr;
			int errlen=sizeof(lastErr);
			getsockopt(pConn->hSocket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_ERROR,(char*)&lastErr,&errlen);
			cout<<"I/O error"<<lastErr<<endl;
		}
		else
		{
			//检查当前连接是否可读
			if(FD_ISSET(pConn->hSocket,&fdRead))
			{
				bOk=TryRead(pConn);
			}
		}
		//发生了错误,关闭套接字并把其对应的Connection对象从conns中移除
		if(bOk==false)
		{
			closesocket(pConn->hSocket);
			delete pConn;
			it=conns.erase(it);
		}
		else
		{
			++it;
		}
	}
}
//select就绪通告I/O模型服务器的主体函数
void DoWork()
{
	//获取监听套接字
	SOCKET sdListen=BindListen();
	if(sdListen==INVALID_SOCKET)
	{}
	//定义conns,用于保存当前所有客户连接
	ConnectionList conns;
	//把监听套接字设为非阻塞模式
	u_long nNoBlock=1;
	if(ioctlsocket(sdListen,FIONBIO,&nNoBlock)==SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		cout<<"ioctlsocket 错误"<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
	}
	fd_set fdRead,fdWrite,fdExcept;
	while(true)
	{
		//分析conns中所有客户连接并把它们放到合适的fd_set中
		ResetFDset(fdRead,fdWrite,fdExcept,sdListen,conns);
		//调用select,等待就绪的套接字I/O操作
		int nRet=select(0,&fdRead,&fdWrite,&fdExcept,NULL);
		if(nRet<=0)
		{
			cout<<"select error"<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;
			break;
		}
		//检查是否有新的客户连接请求
		nRet=CheckAccept(fdRead,fdExcept,sdListen,conns);
		if(nRet==SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			break;
		}
		//检查客户连接
		CheckConn(fdRead,fdWrite,fdExcept,conns);
	}
	//释放资源
	ConnectionList::iterator it=conns.begin();
	for(;it!=conns.end();++it)
	{
		closesocket((*it)->hSocket);
		delete *it;
	}
	if(sdListen!=INVALID_SOCKET)
		closesocket(sdListen);
}
int main()
{
	WSAData wsaData;
	int nCode;
	if((nCode=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData))!=0)
	{
		cout<<"初始化失败"<<nCode<<endl;
		return -1;
	}
	DoWork();
	return 0;
}

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zztong/p/6695269.html