python中通过字符串来调用函数,通过字符串来调用变量,将字符串变成变量名

强调:eval()函数功能虽然强大,但是也很危险,这个方法需要慎重使用。

利用python中的内置函数 eval() ,函数说明:

复制代码
def eval(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    """
    Evaluate the given source in the context of globals and locals.
    
    The source may be a string representing a Python expression
    or a code object as returned by compile().
    The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
    defaulting to the current globals and locals.
    If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
    """
    pass
复制代码

样例1:

复制代码
def function2(name, age):
    print("name: %s, age: %s" % (name, age))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    eval("function2")("Alice", 11)

    # 或者:
    args = ["Alice", 11]
    kwargs = {}
    eval("function2")(*args, **kwargs)

    """
    输出结果都是:
    name: Alice, age: 11
    """
复制代码

样例2:

复制代码
class Test(object):
    states = [u"大于等于零", u"大于等于二"]
    state2function = {u"大于等于零": "check_gt0", u"大于等于二": "check_gt2"}

    @staticmethod
    def check_gt0(x):
        return x >= 0

    @staticmethod
    def check_gt2(x):
        return x >= 2

    def predict(self, x):
        for state in Test.states:
            check_ans = eval("Test." + Test.state2function[state])(x)  # 调用Test类中的方法
            print(state, Test.state2function[state], x, check_ans)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = Test()
    test.predict(x=-1)
    test.predict(x=1)
    test.predict(x=2)

    """
    输出:
    大于等于零 check_gt0 -1 False
    大于等于二 check_gt2 -1 False
    大于等于零 check_gt0 1 True
    大于等于二 check_gt2 1 False
    大于等于零 check_gt0 2 True
    大于等于二 check_gt2 2 True
    """
复制代码

由字符串函数名得到对应的函数

把函数作为参数的用法比较直观:

复制代码
def func(a, b):
    return a + b

def test(f, a, b):    
    print f(a, b)

test(func, 3, 5)
复制代码

但有些情况下,‘要传递哪个函数’这个问题事先还不确定,例如函数名与某变量有关。可以利用 func = globals().get(func_name)来得到函数:

复制代码
def func_year(s):
    print 'func_year:', s
    
def func_month(s):
    print 'func_month:', s  

strs = ['year', 'month']
for s in strs:
    globals().get('func_%s' % s)(s)
"""
输出:
func_year: year
func_month: month
"""
复制代码

 将字符串变成变量名:

https://www.cnblogs.com/kaerxifa/p/11424796.html

参考文章:https://www.cnblogs.com/bymo/p/7327732.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mlgjb/p/10683930.html