AVPacket
AVPacket定义在avcodec.h中，如下：
typedefstructAVPacket {
/**
* Presentation timestamp in AVStream->time_base units; the time at which
* the decompressed packet will be presented to the user.
* Can be AV_NOPTS_VALUE if it is not stored in the file.
* pts MUST be larger or equal to dts as presentation cannot happen before
* decompression, unless one wants to view hex dumps. Some formats misuse
* the terms dts and pts/cts to mean something different. Such timestamps
* must be converted to true pts/dts before they are stored in AVPacket.
*/
int64_tpts;
/**
* Decompression timestamp in AVStream->time_base units; the time at which
* the packet is decompressed.
* Can be AV_NOPTS_VALUE if it is not stored in the file.
*/
int64_tdts;
uint8_t *data;
int size;
intstream_index;
int flags;
/**
* Duration of this packet in AVStream->time_base units, 0 if unknown.
* Equals next_pts - this_pts in presentation order.
*/
int duration;
void (*destruct)(structAVPacket *);
void *priv;
int64_tpos; ///< byte position in stream, -1 if unknown
/**
* Time difference in AVStream->time_base units from the pts of this
* packet to the point at which the output from the decoder has converged
* independent from the availability of previous frames. That is, the
* frames are virtually identical no matter if decoding started from
* the very first frame or from this keyframe.
* Is AV_NOPTS_VALUE if unknown.
* This field is not the display duration of the current packet.
*
* The purpose of this field is to allow seeking in streams that have no
* keyframes in the conventional sense. It corresponds to the
* recovery point SEI in H.264 and match_time_delta in NUT. It is also
* essential for some types of subtitle streams to ensure that all
* subtitles are correctly displayed after seeking.
*/
int64_t convergence_duration;
} AVPacket;
FFMPEG使用AVPacket来暂存解复用之后、解码之前的媒体数据（一个音/视频帧、一个字幕包等）及附加信息（解码时间戳、显示时间戳、时长等）。其中：
· dts表示解码时间戳decoding time stamp ，pts表示显示时间戳presentation time stamp，它们的单位是所属媒体流的时间基准。
· stream_index给出所属媒体流的索引；
· data为数据缓冲区指针，size为长度；
· duration为数据的时长，也是以所属媒体流的时间基准为单位；
· pos表示该数据在媒体流中的字节偏移量；
· destruct为用于释放数据缓冲区的函数指针；
· flags为标志域，其中，最低为置1表示该数据是一个关键帧。
AVPacket结构本身只是个容器，它使用data成员引用实际的数据缓冲区。这个缓冲区通常是由av_new_packet创建的，但也可能由 FFMPEG的API创建（如av_read_frame）。当某个AVPacket结构的数据缓冲区不再被使用时，要需要通过调用 av_free_packet释放。av_free_packet调用的是结构体本身的destruct函数，它的值有两种情 况：1)av_destruct_packet_nofree或0；2)av_destruct_packet，其中，情况1)仅仅是将data和 size的值清0而已，情况2)才会真正地释放缓冲区。
FFMPEG内部使用AVPacket结构建立缓冲区装载数据，同时提供destruct函数，如果FFMPEG打算自己维护缓冲区，则将 destruct设为av_destruct_packet_nofree，用户调用av_free_packet清理缓冲区时并不能够将其释放；如果 FFMPEG打算将该缓冲区彻底交给调用者，则将destruct设为av_destruct_packet，表示它能够被释放。安全起见，如果用户希望 自由地使用一个FFMPEG内部创建的AVPacket结构，最好调用av_dup_packet进行缓冲区的克隆，将其转化为缓冲区能够被释放的 AVPacket，以免对缓冲区的不当占用造成异常错误。av_dup_packet会为destruct指针为 av_destruct_packet_nofree的AVPacket新建一个缓冲区，然后将原缓冲区的数据拷贝至新缓冲区，置data的值为新缓冲区 的地址，同时设destruct指针为av_destruct_packet。