python学习之路-day7

文件读取

读取模式('r')、写入模式写入模式('w')、附加模式附加模式('a')或让你能够读取和写入文件的模式('r+'
如果要写入的文件不存在,函数open()将自动创建它。然而,以写入('w')模式打开文件时千万要小心,因为如果指定的文件已经存在,Python将在返回文件对象前清空该文件
python只能将字符串写入文本文件。要将数值数据存储到文本文件中,必须先使用函数str()将其转换为字符串格式。
 1 # f=open('test.txt','r+')
 2 # f.write('Avaya')#新内容会添加在文件的开头,并且会覆盖开头原有的内容
 3 # f.close()
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 # f=open('test.txt','w')
 8 # f.write('test') #w模式下使用write,会把文件内容清空然后在开头写入内容
 9 # f.close()
10 
11 # f=open('test.txt','w+')
12 # f.write('test1')#效果与上面一样
13 # f.close()
14 
15 # f=open('test.txt','a')
16 # f.write('Hillstone')  #会在文件末尾追加
17 # f.close()
18 
19 # f=open('test.txt')
20 # print(f.closed)#closed方法会返回一个布尔值,如果是打开状态就是fales
21 # f.close()
22 # print(f.closed)
23 
24 
25 # with open('test.txt')as f:   #with语句打开的文件将自动关闭
26 #     print(f.read())
27 # print(f.closed)
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异常

ZeroDivisionError异常

1 try:
2     print(5/0)
3 except ZeroDivisionError:
4     print("You can't divide by zero")
5 
6 You can't divide by zero
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处理FileNotFoundError异常

 1 filename='alice.txt'
 2 with open(filename) as f_obj:
 3     contents = f_obj.read()
 4 Python无法读取不存在的文件,因此它引发一个异常:
 5 Traceback (most recent call last):
 6   File "E:/untitled1/alice.py", line 2, in <module>
 7     with open(filename) as f_obj:
 8 FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'alice.txt'
 9 
10 filename='alice.txt'
11 try:
12     with open(filename) as f_obj:
13         contents = f_obj.read()
14 except FileNotFoundError:
15     msg="Sorry,the file "+filename+" does not exist."
16     print(msg)
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失败时一声不吭

 1 filename='alice.txt'
 2 try:
 3     with open(filename) as f_obj:
 4         contents = f_obj.read()
 5 except FileNotFoundError:
 6     pass#不提示错误消息
 7 else:
 8     #  计算文件大致包含多少个单词
 9     words= contents.split()
10     num_words=len(words)
11     print("The file "+filename+" has about "+str(num_words)+" words.")
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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/awanghang/p/13269116.html