使用WebClient Post方式模拟上传文件和数据

假如某网站有个表单,例如(url: http://localhost/login.aspx):
帐号 
密码 

我们需要在程序中提交数据到这个表单,对于这种表单,我们可以使用 WebClient.UploadData 方法来实现,将所要上传的

数据拼成字符即可,程序很简单

string uriString = "http://localhost/login.aspx";// 创建一个新的 WebClient 实例.WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient();string postData = "Username=admin&Password=admin";// 注意这种拼字符串的ContentTypemyWebClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");// 转化成二进制数组byte[] byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(postData);// 上传数据,并获取返回的二进制数据.byte[] responseArray = myWebClient.UploadData(uriString, "POST", byteArray);

对于文件上传类的表单,例如(url: http://localhost/uploadFile.aspx):
文件 

对于这种表单,我们可以使用

String uriString = "http://localhost/uploadFile.aspx";

// 创建一个新的 WebClient 实例.WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient();

string fileName = @"C:upload.txt";

// 直接上传,并获取返回的二进制数据.byte[] responseArray = myWebClient.UploadFile(uriString, "POST", fileName);

还有一种表单,不仅有文字,还有文件,例如(url: http://localhost/uploadData.aspx):
文件名 
文件 

对于这种表单,似乎前面的两种方法都不能适用,对于第一种方法,不能直接拼字符串,对于第二种,我们只能传文件,重新回到第一个方法,注意参数:
public byte[] UploadData(
   string address,
   string method,
   byte[] data
);

在第一个例子中,是通过拼字符串来得到byte[] data参数值的,对于这种表单显然不行,反过来想想,对于uploadData.aspx这样的程序来说,直接通过网页提交数据,后台所获取到的流是什么样的呢 ,最终的数据如下:

-----------------------------7d429871607fe
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file1"; filename="G:homepage.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
宝玉:
http://www.webuc.net
-----------------------------7d429871607fe
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"
default filename
-----------------------------7d429871607fe--


所以只要拼一个这样的byte[] data数据Post过去,就可以达到同样的效果了。但是一定要注意,对于这种带有文件上传的,其ContentType是不一样的,例如上面的这种,其ContentType为"multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7d429871607fe"。有了ContentType,我们就可以知道boundary(就是上面的"---------------------------7d429871607fe"),知道boundary了我们就可以构造出我们所需要的byte[] data了,最后,不要忘记,把我们构造的ContentType传到WebClient中(例如:webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", ContentType);)这样,就可以通过WebClient.UploadData 方法上载文件数据了。

具体代码如下:
生成二进制数据类的封装

public class CreateBytes{Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;

/**//// <summary> /// 拼接所有的二进制数组为一个数组/// </summary> /// <param name="byteArrays">数组</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
/// <remarks>加上结束边界</remarks>public byte[] JoinBytes(ArrayList byteArrays)
        {
int length = 0;int readLength = 0;

// 加上结束边界string endBoundary = Boundary + "--
"; //结束边界byte[] endBoundaryBytes = encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
            byteArrays.Add(endBoundaryBytes);

foreach(byte[] b in byteArrays)
            {
                length += b.Length;
            }
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];

// 遍历复制
            //
foreach(byte[] b in byteArrays)
            {
                b.CopyTo(bytes, readLength);
                readLength += b.Length;
            }

return bytes;
        }

public bool UploadData(string uploadUrl, byte[] bytes, out byte[] responseBytes)
        {
WebClient webClient = new WebClient(); webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", ContentType);

try{
                responseBytes = webClient.UploadData(uploadUrl, bytes);
return true;
            }
catch (WebException ex)
            {
Stream resp = ex.Response.GetResponseStream(); responseBytes = new byte[ex.Response.ContentLength];
                resp.Read(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length);                
            }
return false;
        }



/**//// <summary> /// 获取普通表单区域二进制数组/// </summary> /// <param name="fieldName">表单名</param> /// <param name="fieldValue">表单值</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <remarks>
/// -----------------------------7d52ee27210a3c Content-Disposition: form-data; name="表单名" 表单值 /// </remarks>public byte[] CreateFieldData(string fieldName, string fieldValue)
        {
string textTemplate = Boundary + " Content-Disposition: form-data; name="{0}" {1} ";string text = String.Format(textTemplate, fieldName, fieldValue);byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(text);return bytes;
        }


/**//// <summary> /// 获取文件上传表单区域二进制数组/// </summary> /// <param name="fieldName">表单名</param> /// <param name="filename">文件名</param> /// <param name="contentType">文件类型</param> /// <param name="contentLength">文件长度</param> /// <param name="stream">文件流</param> /// <returns>二进制数组</returns>public byte[] CreateFieldData(string fieldName, string filename,string contentType, byte[] fileBytes)
        {
string end = " ";string textTemplate = Boundary + " Content-Disposition: form-data; name="{0}"; filename="{1}" Content-Type: {2} ";

// 头数据string data = String.Format(textTemplate, fieldName, filename, contentType);byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(data);



// 尾数据byte[] endBytes = encoding.GetBytes(end);

// 合成后的数组byte[] fieldData = new byte[bytes.Length + fileBytes.Length + endBytes.Length];

 bytes.CopyTo(fieldData, 0); // 头数据fileBytes.CopyTo(fieldData, bytes.Length); // 文件的二进制数据endBytes.CopyTo(fieldData, bytes.Length + fileBytes.Length); // 


return fieldData;
        }


// 属性#region 属性public string Boundary
        {
get {string[] bArray, ctArray;string contentType = ContentType; ctArray = contentType.Split(';');if (ctArray[0].Trim().ToLower() == "multipart/form-data")
                {
bArray = ctArray[1].Split('=');return "--" + bArray[1];
                }
return null;
            }
        }

public string ContentType
        {
get {//if (HttpContext.Current == null)
                //{
return "multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7d5b915500cee";//}
                //return HttpContext.Current.Request.ContentType;
}
        }
#endregion}

在Winform中调用

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
//// 非空检验
            //if (txtAmigoToken.Text.Trim() == "" || txtFilename.Text == "" || txtFileData.Text.Trim() == "")
            //{
            //    MessageBox.Show("Please fill data");
            //    return;
            //}

            // 所要上传的文件路径
string fileFullName="c:/aa.txt";string path = fileFullName; //txtFileData.Text.Trim();

            // 检查文件是否存在
if (!File.Exists(path))
            {
MessageBox.Show("{0} does not exist!", path);return;
            }

// 读文件流FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);

// 这部分需要完善string ContentType = "application/octet-stream";byte[] fileBytes = new byte[fs.Length]; fs.Read(fileBytes, 0, Convert.ToInt32(fs.Length));


// 生成需要上传的二进制数组CreateBytes cb = new CreateBytes();// 所有表单数据ArrayList bytesArray = new ArrayList();// 普通表单bytesArray.Add(cb.CreateFieldData("subdir", "uploadFiles"));//bytesArray.Add(cb.CreateFieldData("AmigoToken", txtAmigoToken.Text));
            // 文件表单
bytesArray.Add(cb.CreateFieldData("FileData", path
                                                , ContentType, fileBytes));

// 合成所有表单并生成二进制数组byte[] bytes = cb.JoinBytes(bytesArray);

// 返回的内容byte[] responseBytes;

// 上传到指定Urlbool uploaded = cb.UploadData("http://localhost/UploadData/UploadAvatar.aspx", bytes, out responseBytes);string retStr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseBytes);// 将返回的内容输出到文件
            //using (FileStream file = new FileStream(@"c:
esponse.text", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read))
            //{
            //    file.Write(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length);
            //}

           // txtResponse.Text = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseBytes);
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/z_lb/p/3955334.html