C++/CLI——读书笔记《Visual C++/CLI从入门到精通》 第Ⅳ部分

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 第二十二章 使用非托管代码

  System::Runtime::InteropServices

  GCHandle

    GCHandle::Alloc

    GCHandle::Free

  gcroot辅助模板类

    代替对GCHandle的直接操作

    离开作用域时销毁

  auto_gcroot

    <auto_gcroot.h>

    离开作用域时调用析构函数

  混合类

    托管类中添加指向非托管对象的指针成员

      需要为托管类声明析构函数

      ref Classs ManagedClass

      {

      public:

        ~ManagedClass(){delete m_pUnc;}

      private:

        UnManagedClass* m_pUnC;

      }

    非托管类中添加托管类

      Class UnManagedClass

      {

      public:

        UnManagedClass(gcroot<ManagedClass^> gcrMC):m_gcrMC(gcrMC){}

      private:

        gcroot<ManagedClass^> m_gcrMC;

      }

 1 #include "stdafx.h"
 2 #include <gcroot.h>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <atlstr.h>
 5 
 6 using namespace System;
 7 using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
 8 ref class CPerson
 9 {
10 public:
11     CPerson(int nAge, String^ strName) :m_nAge(nAge),m_strName(strName) {}
12 
13     int GetAge() { return m_nAge; }
14     String^ GetName() { return m_strName; }
15 
16 private:
17     int m_nAge;
18     String ^ m_strName;
19 };
20 
21 class CPersonInfo
22 {
23 public:
24     CPersonInfo(gcroot<CPerson^> gcroPerson):m_oPerson(gcroPerson){}
25     int GetAge() { return m_oPerson->GetAge(); }
26     CString GetName() 
27     {
28         return m_oPerson->GetName(); 
29     }
30 
31 private:
32     gcroot<CPerson^> m_oPerson;
33 };
34 
35 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
36 {
37     CPerson^ oPerson = gcnew CPerson(11, L"Jack");
38     CPersonInfo oPersonInfo(oPerson);
39 
40     std::wcout << oPersonInfo.GetName().GetString() << L"    " << oPersonInfo.GetAge() <<std::endl;
41 
42     return 0;
43 }

   固定指针

    值不变的托管对象指针

    垃圾回收器不能移动它

    可以安全的传给非托管对象

    固定托管对象的成员造成整个托管对象都被固定

    只要存在对固定指针的引用,托管对象就会一直被固定

 1 #include "stdafx.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace System;
 4 
 5 void PrintANumber(int * pNumArr)
 6 {
 7     std::cout << *pNumArr << std::endl;
 8 }
 9 
10 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
11 {
12     array<int>^ arrNum = gcnew array<int>{11, 22, 33, 44, 55};
13 
14     pin_ptr<int> pinNumArr = &arrNum[2];
15 
16     PrintANumber(pinNumArr);
17 
18     pinNumArr = nullptr;
19 
20     return 0;
21 }

  dynamic_cast不匹配时返回null

  safe_cast不匹配时抛出异常

  包装了简单值的任何东西,只要大小不超过16字节就是和设计成值类型。

  装箱

    C++/CLI自动装箱

    装箱会发生值类型的按位拷贝

  拆箱

    通过强制类型转换

    safe_cast<>()

 1 #include "stdafx.h"
 2 
 3 using namespace System;
 4 
 5 
 6 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
 7 {
 8     int nNum = 12;
 9     Console::WriteLine(nNum);
10 
11     Object^ obj12 = nNum;
12     Console::WriteLine(obj12);
13 
14     int nNum12 = safe_cast<int>(obj12);
15     Console::WriteLine(nNum12);
16 
17     return 0;
18 }

   P/Invoke

    封送  在托管代码和非托管代码之间传递数据/在托管代码和非托管代码之间自动转换 

#include "stdafx.h"                                                                
                                                                                   
using namespace System;                                                            
                                                                                   
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;                                  
                                                                                   
[DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet::Auto)]                                    
                                                                                   
//int MessageBox( HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType )       
int MessageBox(IntPtr hWnd, String^ lpText, String^ lpCaption, unsigned int uType);
                                                                                   
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)                                            
{                                                                                  
   // Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");                                          
	String^ strText = L"Text";                                                        
	String^ strCaption = L"Caption";                                                  
	MessageBox(IntPtr::Zero, strText, strCaption,0);                                  
                                                                                   
    return 0;                                                                      
}                                                                                  
#include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System;

using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;

[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox",CharSet = CharSet::Auto)]

//int MessageBox( HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType )
int ShowSomething(IntPtr hWnd, String^ lpText, String^ lpCaption, unsigned int uType);

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
	// Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
	String^ strText = L"Text";
	String^ strCaption = L"Caption";
	ShowSomething(IntPtr::Zero, strText, strCaption, 0);

	return 0;
}

  传递结构

    布局

      自动布局LayoutKind::Auto  让运行时优化布局 P/Invoke时不要用

      显式布局LayoutKind::Explicit  按定制的字节偏移量排列

      顺序布局LayoutKind::Sequential  托管和非托管同样的排列

#include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System;

using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;

[StructLayoutAttribute(LayoutKind::Sequential)]
ref class CPowerState
{
public:
	System::Byte ACLineStatus;
	System::Byte BatteryFlag;
	System::Byte BatteryLifePercent;
	System::Byte ReservedforNow;
	System::UInt32 BatteryLifeTime;
	System::UInt32 BatteryFullLifeTime;
};

typedef long BOOL;

[DllImportAttribute("Kernel32.dll")]
BOOL GetSystemPowerStatus(CPowerState^ PS);

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
   // Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
	CPowerState^ oPS=gcnew CPowerState();
	BOOL bRet=GetSystemPowerStatus(oPS);

    return 0;
}

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 第二十三章 特性和反射

   元数据

    不知道在说什么

  使用预定义特性类

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 using namespace System;
 4 
 5 namespace MyDll {
 6 
 7     public ref class CTestClass
 8     {
 9         // TODO:  在此处添加此类的方法。
10     public:
11         CTestClass(int nVal):m_nVal(nVal){}
12 
13         [ObsoleteAttribute("Use the Var Property instead",false)]
14         int GetVal() { return m_nVal; }
15         
16         property int Val
17         {
18             int get() { return m_nVal; }
19         }
20 
21     private:
22         int m_nVal;
23 
24     };
25 }
 1 using namespace System;
 2 
 3 using namespace MyDll;
 4 
 5 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
 6 {
 7     CTestClass^ oTC = gcnew CTestClass(666);
 8     int nVal = oTC->GetVal();
 9     Console::WriteLine(L"{0}",nVal);
10 
11     return 0;
12 }

   定义自己的特性

    特性类

      定位参数  必选参数  只读属性

      具名参数  可选参数  读写属性

    

 1 // CustomAttributes.h
 2 
 3 #pragma once
 4 
 5 using namespace System;
 6 
 7 namespace CustomAttributes {
 8 
 9     [AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets::Method|AttributeTargets::Property| AttributeTargets::Class)]
10     public ref class DocumentationAttributes:Attribute 
11     {
12         // TODO:  在此处添加此类的方法。
13     public:
14         DocumentationAttributes(String^ strText):m_strText(strText) {};
15         
16         property String^ Text
17         {
18             String^ get(){return m_strText;}
19         }
20 
21         property String^ Author
22         {
23             String^ get() { return m_strAuthor; }
24             void set(String^ strAuthor) { m_strAuthor=strAuthor; }
25         }
26         property String^ Date
27         {
28             String^ get() { return m_strDate; }
29             void set(String^ strDate) { m_strDate = strDate; }
30         }
31 
32     private:
33         String^ m_strText;
34         String^ m_strAuthor;
35         String^ m_strDate;
36     };
37 }
 1 #include "stdafx.h"
 2 
 3 using namespace System;
 4 
 5 using namespace CustomAttributes;
 6 
 7 [DocumentationAttributes("The TestAttrs class",Author="WLS")]
 8 ref class TestAttrs
 9 {
10 public:
11     [DocumentationAttributes("The TestAttrs class constructor takes an integer",Author="WLS",Date="2010/01/02")]
12     TestAttrs(int nV)
13     {
14         m_nVal = nV;
15     }
16 
17     [DocumentationAttributes("The read-only Value property returns the value of the int class number", Author = "WLS")]
18     property int Value
19     {
20         int get() { return m_nVal; }
21     }
22 
23 protected:
24 private:
25     int m_nVal;
26 };
27 
28 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
29 {
30     Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
31     return 0;
32 }

   反射

    不知为何感觉少了点什么编译不通过

    而且对于C++/CLI来说,这个东西主要是用来支持别的语言吧?

 1 // UseAttributes.cpp: 主项目文件。
 2 
 3 #include "stdafx.h"
 4 
 5 
 6 using namespace System;
 7 
 8 using namespace MyDll;
 9 
10 using namespace::Reflection;
11 
12 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
13 {
14     CTestClass^ oTC = gcnew CTestClass(666);
15     int nVal = oTC->GetVal();
16 
17     Type^ t = oTC->GetType();
18     array<Object^>^ atts=t->GetCustomAttributes(true);
19     
20     array<MemberInfo^>^ mi = t->GetMembers();
21 
22     for each(MemberInfo^ m in mi)
23     {
24         array<Object^>^ a = m->GetCustomAttributes(true);
25 
26         if (a->Length>0)
27         {
28             Console::WriteLine("Attributes for member {0}", m->Name);
29             for each (Object^ attr in a)
30             {
31                 Console::WriteLine("attribute is {0}", attr->ToString());
32 
33                 //DocumentationAttribute^ Da = dynamic_cast<DocumentationAttribute^>(attr);
34 
35             }
36         }
37     }
38 
39     Console::WriteLine(L"{0}",nVal);
40 
41     return 0;
42 }

 =======================================================================

 第二十四章 兼容COM

  在.NET中使用COM

    RCW  运行时可调用包装器  封送  使用时无差别感受

 1 // ComWrapper.cpp: 主项目文件。
 2 
 3 #include "stdafx.h"
 4 
 5 using namespace System;
 6 
 7 using namespace TempConverterLib;
 8 
 9 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
10 {
11     Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
12 
13     TempConverterLib::ConverterClass^ conv= gcnew TempConverterLib::ConverterClass();
14     
15     double dF = conv->ConvertC2F(27.0);
16     
17     Console::WriteLine("27C is {0} F", dF);
18 
19     try
20     {
21         double dF = conv->ConvertC2F(-280.0); 
22           
23         Console::WriteLine("-280C is {0} F", dF);
24     }
25     catch (Exception^ e)
26     {
27         Console::WriteLine("Exception  from COM object:{0}", e->Message);
28     }
29 
30     return 0;
31 }

  晚期绑定

 1 // LateBind.cpp: 主项目文件。
 2 
 3 #include "stdafx.h"
 4 
 5 using namespace System;
 6 
 7 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
 8 {
 9     Guid g = Guid("75F3EDC5-AA71-437A-ACB6-F885C29E50F7");
10 
11     Type^ t = Type::GetTypeFromCLSID(g);
12 
13     if (t==nullptr)
14     {
15         Console::WriteLine("1");
16     }
17 
18     Object^ obj = System::Activator::CreateInstance(t);
19 
20     array<Object^>^ argarray = { 27.0 };
21 
22     try
23     {
24         Object^ result = t->InvokeMember("ConvertC2F", Reflection::BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, obj, argarray);
25 
26         double dF = Convert::ToDouble(result);
27 
28         Console::WriteLine("27C is {0}F", dF);
29     }
30     catch (Exception^ e)
31     {
32         Console::WriteLine("2");
33     }
34 
35     return 0;
36 }

   把.NET作为COM组件使用

    CCW  COM可调用包装器

    这个书不怎么讲这部分。

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大体看完了,有空仔细研读扩展。做做小东西。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wlsandwho/p/4764678.html