前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图：
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根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="userDao"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget"/>
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props>
</property> </bean> </beans>
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="userDao"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget"/>
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props>
</property> </bean> </beans>
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property> </bean>
<!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget"/>
</bean></beans>
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property> </bean>
<!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget"/>
</bean></beans>
第三种方式：使用拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property> </bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value> </list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property> </bean>
<!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean></beans>
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property> </bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value> </list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property> </bean>
<!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean></beans>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice>
<aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice>
<aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
第五种方式：全注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky"/>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
</beans>
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky"/>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/> </bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean>
</beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional @Component("userDao") publicclass UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List<User> listUsers() { returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); }
}
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional @Component("userDao") publicclass UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List<User> listUsers() { returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); }
}