一、点赞功能设计
1、博客、评论、回复可点赞
2、可取消点赞
3、可看到点赞数
前端设计
<div class="like" onclick="likeChange(this,'{% get_content_type blog %}',{{ blog.pk }})"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up {% get_likes_status blog %}"></span> <span class="liked-num">{% get_like_count blog %}</span> <span>喜欢</span> </div>
function likeChange(obj, content_type, object_id){ var is_like = obj.getElementsByClassName('active').length == 0 $.ajax({ url: "{% url 'like_change' %}", type: 'GET', data: { content_type: content_type, object_id: object_id, is_like: is_like }, cache: false, success: function(data){ console.log(data) if(data['status']=='SUCCESS'){ //更新点赞状态 var element = $(obj.getElementsByClassName('glyphicon')); if(is_like){ element.addClass('active'); }else { element.removeClass('active'); } //更新点赞数量 var liked_num = $(obj.getElementsByClassName('liked-num')); liked_num.text(data['liked_num']); }else { alert(data['message']); } }, error: function(xhr){ console.log(xhr) } }); }
模型设计
from django.db import models from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.auth.models import User #点赞数量 class LikeCount(models.Model): # 将您的模型ForeignKey 设为ContentType 通过ContentType找到具体的模型 content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() # 记录对应模型的主键值 该字段可以存储您将要关联的模型中的主键值 # 给您的模型一个 GenericForeignKey，并为其传递上述两个字段的名称。如果将这些字段分别命名 # 为“ content_type”和“ object_id”，则可以忽略这些-这些是默认字段名称 GenericForeignKey。 content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') liked_num = models.IntegerField(default=0) #具体谁对哪个对象点赞,点赞记录 class LikeRecord(models.Model): #保存被点赞对象这个信息 # 将您的模型ForeignKey 设为ContentType 通过ContentType找到具体的模型 content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() # 记录对应模型的主键值 该字段可以存储您将要关联的模型中的主键值 # 给您的模型一个 GenericForeignKey，并为其传递上述两个字段的名称。如果将这些字段分别命名 # 为“ content_type”和“ object_id”，则可以忽略这些-这些是默认字段名称 GenericForeignKey。 content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) liked_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
路由
from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('like_change',views.like_change,name='like_change'), ]
后端实现
from django.shortcuts import render from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.http import JsonResponse from django.db.models import ObjectDoesNotExist from .models import LikeCount, LikeRecord def ErrorResponse(code, message): data = {} data['status'] = 'ERROR' data['code'] = code data['message'] = message return JsonResponse(data) def SuccessResponse(liked_num): data = {} data['status'] = 'SUCCESS' data['liked_num'] = liked_num return JsonResponse(data) def like_change(request): # 获取数据 user = request.user if not user.is_authenticated: return ErrorResponse(400, 'you were not login') content_type = request.GET.get('content_type') object_id = int(request.GET.get('object_id')) try: content_type = ContentType.objects.get(model=content_type) model_class = content_type.model_class() model_obj = model_class.objects.get(pk=object_id) except ObjectDoesNotExist: return ErrorResponse(401, 'object not exist') # 处理数据 if request.GET.get('is_like') == 'true': # 要点赞 like_record, created = LikeRecord.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id, user=user) if created: # 未点赞过，进行点赞 like_count, created = LikeCount.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id) like_count.liked_num += 1 like_count.save() return SuccessResponse(like_count.liked_num) else: # 已点赞过，不能重复点赞 return ErrorResponse(402, 'you were liked') else: # 要取消点赞 if LikeRecord.objects.filter(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id, user=user).exists(): # 有点赞过，取消点赞 like_record = LikeRecord.objects.get(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id, user=user) like_record.delete() # 点赞总数减1 like_count, created = LikeCount.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id) if not created: like_count.liked_num -= 1 like_count.save() return SuccessResponse(like_count.liked_num) else: return ErrorResponse(404, 'data error') else: # 没有点赞过，不能取消 return ErrorResponse(403, 'you were not liked')
自定义模版标签，获取点赞数量，获取点赞状态用来实时显示状态，获取对象的content_type模型
from django import template from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from ..models import LikeCount,LikeRecord #用于注册，我们一会做的那些方法变成一个模版标签，可以给这个磨板试用，所以导入的是模版这个库 register = template.Library() #写一个方法 #发这个方法注册一下 @register.simple_tag def get_like_count(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) like_count, created = LikeCount.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=obj.pk) return like_count.liked_num #takes_context=True可以获取所在模版页面的模版变量 @register.simple_tag(takes_context=True) def get_likes_status(context, obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) user = context['user'] if not user.is_authenticated: return '' if LikeRecord.objects.filter(content_type=content_type,object_id=obj.pk,user=context['user']).exists(): return 'active' else: return '' @register.simple_tag def get_content_type(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) return content_type.model
二、前后端开发建议
功能需求分析——模型设计——前端初步开发——后端实现——完善前端代码