结构型模式

结构型模式涉及到如何组合类和对象以获得更大的结构。结构型类模式采用继承机制来组合接口或实现。

Adapter模式
适配器使得一个接口(adaptee的接口)与其他接口兼容,从而给出了多个不同接口的统一抽象。为此,类适配器对一个adaptee类进行私有继承。这样,适配器就可以用adaptee的接口标识它的接口。
在android编程的时候,写列表ListView时经常碰到Adapter,当时还不懂。。。。
 
 
 
代码:
using System;
 
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Adapter.Structural
{
  /// <summary>
  /// MainApp startup class for Structural
  /// Adapter Design Pattern.
  /// </summary>
  class MainApp
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Entry point into console application.
    /// </summary>
    static void Main()
    {
      // Create adapter and place a request
      Target target = new Adapter();
      target.Request();
 
      // Wait for user
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'Target' class
  /// </summary>
  class Target
  {
    public virtual void Request()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Called Target Request()");
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'Adapter' class
  /// </summary>
  class Adapter : Target
  {
    private Adaptee _adaptee = new Adaptee();
 
    public override void Request()
    {
      // Possibly do some other work
      //  and then call SpecificRequest
      _adaptee.SpecificRequest();
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'Adaptee' class
  /// </summary>
  class Adaptee
  {
    public void SpecificRequest()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Called SpecificRequest()");
    }
  }
}

输出:

Called SpecificRequest()

2.Composite模式:
描述了如何构造一个类层次结构,这一结构由两种类型的对象(基元对象和组合对象)所对应的类构成。其中的组合对象使得你可以组合基元对象以及其他的组合对象,从而形成任意复杂的结构。

将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构。Composite使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。

代码:java实现,前边的都是C#
1)Client类
public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Leaf pLeaf1 = new Leaf();
        Leaf pLeaf2 = new Leaf();
        Composite composite = new Composite();
        composite.Add(pLeaf1);
        composite.Add(pLeaf2);
        composite.Operation();
        composite.GetChild(1).Operation();
    }

}

2)Component类

/**
 * 组件基类
 * @author jyc
 *
 */
public abstract class Component {

    public Component(){
        
    }
    public abstract void Operation();
    public abstract void Add(Component pChild);
    
    public abstract void Remove(Component pChild);
    public abstract Component GetChild(int nIndex);
    
}

3)Leaf类

//派生自Component,是其中的叶子组件的基类
public class Leaf extends Component {

    public Leaf(){
        System.out.println("leaf构造方法
");
    }

    public void Operation() {
        System.out.println("Operation by leaf
");
    }

    public void Add(Component pChild) {
        // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

    }

    public void Remove(Component pChild) {
        // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

    }

    public Component GetChild(int nIndex) {
        // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
        return null;
    }
}

4)Composite类

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;

//派生自Component,是其中的含有子件的组件的基类
public class Composite extends Component {

    private List<Component> m_ListOfComponent;//集合
        // 采用list容器去保存子组件

    public Composite(){
        m_ListOfComponent = new ArrayList<Component>();
            
    }
    /*
     * 调用m_ListOfComponent中所有的元素的Operation
     * (非 Javadoc)
     * @see Compsite.Component#Operation()
     */
    public void Operation() {
      System.out.println( "Operation by Composite
");
      
      for (Component component : m_ListOfComponent) {
          component.Operation();
    }
    }

    public void Add(Component pChild) {
        // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
        m_ListOfComponent.add(pChild);
    }

    public void Remove(Component pChild) {
        // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
        m_ListOfComponent.remove(pChild);
    }

    public Component GetChild(int nIndex) {
        if (nIndex <= 0 || nIndex > m_ListOfComponent.size())
            return null;

        return m_ListOfComponent.get(nIndex);
    }

    /*protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
        super.finalize();
        Iterator iter1,iter2,temp;
        for(iter1 = m_ListOfComponent.iterator();;){}
    }*/
}

输出:

leaf构造方法

leaf构造方法

Operation by Composite

Operation by leaf

Operation by leaf

Operation by leaf

3. 装饰模式(DECORATOR)-对象结构型模式

意图

动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。装饰模式充分利用了继承和聚合的优势,创造出无与论比的设计美学。就增加功能来说,Decorator模式相比生成子类更为灵活。

参与者

1. Component

定义一个对象接口,可以给这些对象动态地添加职责。

2. ConcreteComponent

定义一个对象,可以给这个对象添加一些职责。

3. Decorator

维持一个指向Component对象的指针,并定义一个与Component接口一致的接口。

4. ConcreteDecorator

向组件添加职责。

C#代码:

using System;
 
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.Structural
{
  /// <summary>
  /// MainApp startup class for Structural 
  /// Decorator Design Pattern.
  /// </summary>
  class MainApp
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Entry point into console application.
    /// </summary>
    static void Main()
    {
      // Create ConcreteComponent and two Decorators
      ConcreteComponent c = new ConcreteComponent();
      ConcreteDecoratorA d1 = new ConcreteDecoratorA();
      ConcreteDecoratorB d2 = new ConcreteDecoratorB();
 
      // Link decorators
      d1.SetComponent(c);
      d2.SetComponent(d1);
 
      d2.Operation();
 
      // Wait for user
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'Component' abstract class
  /// </summary>
  abstract class Component
  {
    public abstract void Operation();
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class
  /// </summary>
  class ConcreteComponent : Component
  {
    public override void Operation()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("ConcreteComponent.Operation()");
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'Decorator' abstract class
  /// </summary>
  abstract class Decorator : Component
  {
    protected Component component;
 
    public void SetComponent(Component component)
    {
      this.component = component;
    }
 
    public override void Operation()
    {
      if (component != null)
      {
        component.Operation();
      }
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'ConcreteDecoratorA' class
  /// </summary>
  class ConcreteDecoratorA : Decorator
  {
    public override void Operation()
    {
      base.Operation();
      Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation()");
    }
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// The 'ConcreteDecoratorB' class
  /// </summary>
  class ConcreteDecoratorB : Decorator
  {
    public override void Operation()
    {
      base.Operation();
      AddedBehavior();
      Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()");
    }
 
    void AddedBehavior()
    {
    }
  }
}

输出:

ConcreteComponent.Operation()
ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation()
ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()

 
 
 
 
 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jycboy/p/5326427.html