poj 2773 Happy 2016

题意：

给定$m, k$,找第$k$大与$m$互质的数

思路：

根据 $gcd(a, b) = gcd(b * t + a, b) $ (t 为任意整数）

则如果$a$与$b$互素，$b * t + a$ 与 $b$ 也互素，否则 $b * t + a$ 与 $b$ 不互素，故与$m$互素的数对$m$取模具有周期性。

假设小于$m$的数且与$m$互素的数有$k$个，第$i$个为$a_i$，则第$n * k + i$个与 $m$互素的数是$n * m + a_i$

 Code:

#pragma GCC optimize(3)
#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#include <map>
#include <set>
// #include <array>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
// #include <unordered_map>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;

#define Time (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC

#define sd(a) scanf("%d", &a)
#define sdd(a, b) scanf("%d%d", &a, &b)
#define slld(a) scanf("%lld", &a)
#define slldd(a, b) scanf("%lld%lld", &a, &b)

const int N = 1e6 + 20;
const int M = 1e6 + 20;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

int n, m, k;
int primes[N], cnt, phi[N];
bool st[N];

void get_eulers(int n)
{
    phi[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (!st[i])
        {
            primes[cnt++] = i;
            phi[i] = i - 1;
        }
        for (int j = 0; primes[j] <= n / i; j++)
        {
            st[i * primes[j]] = true;
            if (i % primes[j] == 0)
            {
                phi[i * primes[j]] = primes[j] * phi[i];
                break;
            }
            phi[i * primes[j]] = (primes[j] - 1) * phi[i];
        }
    }
}

void solve()
{
    get_eulers(N - 20);
    while (~sdd(m, k))
    {
        n = k / phi[m];
        k %= phi[m];

        if (k == 0)
        {
            k = phi[m];
            n--;
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
        {
            if (__gcd(i, m) == 1)
            {
                k--;
            }
            if (!k)
            {
                cout << n * m + i << "
";
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
#else
    freopen("/home/jungu/code/in.txt", "r", stdin);
    // freopen("/home/jungu/code/out.txt", "w", stdout);
    // freopen("/home/jungu/code/out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    // ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);

    int T = 1;
    // sd(T);
    while (T--)
    {
        solve();
    }

    return 0;
}