Hibernate注解(二)

属性注解:

1.1@Id注解:必须,定义了映射到数据库表的主键的属性,一个实体类可以有一个或者多个属性被映射为主键,可置于主键睡醒后者 getXXX()前。注意:若果有多个属性定义为主键属性,该实体必须实现Serializable接口。

1.2@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType,generator=""),两个属性

strategy便是主键生成策略,取值:(1)GenerationType.AUTO:根据底层数据库自动选择(默认,mysql默认是自动增长类型)(2)GenerationType.INDENTITY:根据数据的Identity字段生成,(3)GenerationType.SEQUENCE:使用Sequence来决定主键的取值(oracel,db2)(4)GenerationType.TABLE:使用指定表来决定主键取值,结合@TableGenerator使用。如:

@Id

@TableGenerator(name="tab_cat_gen",allocationSize=1)//用一张表(tab_cat_gen)单独表示主键

@GeneratedValue(Strategy=GenerationType.TABLE)

例子:

  1 package com.attributeannotation.entity;
  2 
  3 import java.util.Date;
  4 
  5 import javax.persistence.Column;
  6 import javax.persistence.Entity;
  7 import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
  8 import javax.persistence.Id;
  9 import javax.persistence.Table;
 10 
 11 import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
 12 
 13 /** 
 14  * 学生实体类
 15  * 
 16  * @Table(name="",catalog="",schema=""),mysql不支持catalog属性,
 17  * 这里的name属性和@Enity的name属性作用是一样的都是给表起一个名字
 18  *
 19  */
 20 @Entity//(name = "t_students")
 21 @Table(name="t_students",schema="hibernate")
 22 public class StudentA {
 23     
 24     @Id
 25     @GeneratedValue(generator="sid") //generator属性表示生成器,这必须与@GenericGenerator hibernate注解一起使用
 26     @GenericGenerator(name="sid",strategy="assigned")//strategy="assigned" 手工赋值
 27     @Column(length = 8) // 字符串
 28     private String sid;// 学号
 29     // @Id/* 联合主键,需要实现Serializable接口*/
 30     // @Column(length = 8)/* 列注解,length属性值字段的长度*/
 31     private String sname;// 姓名
 32     private String gender;// 出生日期
 33     private Date birthday;// 出生日期
 34     private String major;// 专业
 35     private Address add;//地址
 36     
 37     public StudentA() {
 38     }
 39 
 40     public StudentA(String sid, String sname, String gender, Date birthday, String major, Address add) {
 41         this.sid = sid;
 42         this.sname = sname;
 43         this.gender = gender;
 44         this.birthday = birthday;
 45         this.major = major;
 46         this.add = add;
 47     }
 48 
 49     @Id
 50     public String getSid() {
 51         return sid;
 52     }
 53 
 54     public void setSid(String sid) {
 55         this.sid = sid;
 56     }
 57 
 58     public String getSname() {
 59         return sname;
 60     }
 61 
 62     public void setSname(String sname) {
 63         this.sname = sname;
 64     }
 65 
 66     public String getGender() {
 67         return gender;
 68     }
 69 
 70     public void setGender(String gender) {
 71         this.gender = gender;
 72     }
 73 
 74     public Date getBirthday() {
 75         return birthday;
 76     }
 77 
 78     public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
 79         this.birthday = birthday;
 80     }
 81 
 82     public String getMajor() {
 83         return major;
 84     }
 85 
 86     public void setMajor(String major) {
 87         this.major = major;
 88     }
 89 
 90     public Address getAdd() {
 91         return add;
 92     }
 93 
 94     public void setAdd(Address address) {
 95         this.add = address;
 96     }
 97     
 98     
 99     
100     
101     
102     
103     
104 }
View Code
 1 package com.attributeannotation.entity;
 2 
 3 import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
 4 
 5 /*地址类*/
 6 
 7 @Embeddable /*表示嵌入类,这个类的对象在另一个实体类中充当属性*/
 8 public class Address {
 9     
10     private String postCode;//邮编
11     private String address;//地址
12     private String phone;//联系电话
13     
14     public Address() {
15     }
16     
17     public Address(String postCode, String address, String phone) {
18         super();
19         this.postCode = postCode;
20         this.address = address;
21         this.phone = phone;
22     }
23 
24 
25 
26     public String getPostCode() {
27         return postCode;
28     }
29     public void setPostCode(String postCode) {
30         this.postCode = postCode;
31     }
32     public String getAddress() {
33         return address;
34     }
35     public void setAddress(String address) {
36         this.address = address;
37     }
38     public String getPhone() {
39         return phone;
40     }
41     public void setPhone(String phone) {
42         this.phone = phone;
43     }
44     
45     
46     
47     
48     
49 }
View Code
 1 package com.entity;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Date;
 4 
 5 import org.hibernate.Session;
 6 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 7 import org.hibernate.Transaction;
 8 import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
 9 import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
10 import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
11 import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
12 import org.junit.Test;
13 
14 import com.attributeannotation.entity.Address;
15 import com.attributeannotation.entity.StudentA;
16 
17 public class TestStudents {
18 
19     @Test
20     public void testShemaExport() {
21         // 创建hibernate配置对象
22         Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
23 
24         // 创建服务注册对象
25         ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties())
26                 .buildServiceRegistry();
27 
28         // 生成sessionFactory
29         SessionFactory sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
30 
31         SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config);
32 
33         export.create(true, true);
34 
35     }
36 
37     @Test
38     public void addStudent() {
39 
40         // 创建hibernate配置对象
41         Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
42         // 创建服务注册对象
43         ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties())
44                 .buildServiceRegistry();
45         // 生成sessionFactory
46         SessionFactory sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
47         
48         //创建session会话
49         Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
50         
51         Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
52         //创建一个学生对象
53         Address add = new Address("70000","湖北武当山","1230549594");
54         
55         StudentA studentA = new StudentA("s0000001", "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "太极拳", add);
56         session.save(studentA);
57         
58         tx.commit();
59         
60     }
61 
62 }
View Code

上述addStudent方法是测试主键手工赋值生成策略的

1.3@Column-课件GG属性映射到列,使用该注解来覆盖默认值,@Column描述了数据库表中该字段的详细定义,这对于根据JPA注解生成数据库表结构的工具非常有作用。

常用属性:

name:可选,表示数据库表中该字段的名称,默认情形属性名称一致。

nullable:可选,表示该字段是否允许为null,默认是true。

unique:可选,表示该字段是否为唯一标识,默认是false。

length:可选,表示该字段的大小,仅对String类型的字段有效,默认值是255.(如果不是主键不能使用默认值)

insertable:可选,表示在ORM框架执行插入操作时,该字段是否应出现INSERT语句中,默认为true。

updateable:可选,表示在ORM框架执行更新操作时,该字段是否应该出现在UPDATE语句中,默认是true。对于一经创建就不可以更改的字段,该属性非常有用,如对于birthday字段。

 1.3@Embedded是注释属性的,表示该属性的类是嵌入类。注意:同时嵌入类也必须标注@Embeddable注解。

1.4@EmbeddedId使用嵌入式主键实现符合主键。注意:嵌入式主键必须实现Serializable接口,必须有默认的public无参数的构造方法,必须覆盖equals和hashCode方法。

例子:

配置文件中hibernate.cfg.xml中mapping标签修改成对应的类

 1 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
 3 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
 4 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
 5  
 6 <hibernate-configuration>
 7     <session-factory>
 8        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
 9        <property name="connection.password">mysql</property>
10        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
11        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
12        
13        <!-- 配置数据的库的前缀 -->
14        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
15            
16            <!-- 
17                是否把Hibernate运行时的SQL语句输出到控制台,编码阶段便于测试
18             -->
19            <property name="show_sql">true</property>
20            <!-- 
21                输出到控制台的SQL语句是否进行排版,便于阅读。建议设置true
22             -->
23            <property name="format_sql">true</property>
24            <!-- 
25                可以到帮助由java代码生成数据库脚本,进而生辰具体的表结构。
26                create|update|create-drop|validate
27             -->
28            <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
29            
30            <mapping class="com.attributeannotation.entity.StudentPKA"/>
31        <!--     <mapping class="com.entity.StudentA"/> -->
32     </session-factory>
33  
34 </hibernate-configuration>
View Code

主键嵌入类StudentPK:

 1 package com.attributeannotation.entity;
 2 
 3 import java.io.Serializable;
 4 
 5 import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
 6 
 7 //学生主键类
 8 @Embeddable
 9 public class StudentPK implements Serializable {
10     
11     private static final long serialVersionUID = 2886826168131509422L;
12     private String id;//身份证号码
13     private String sid;//学号
14     
15     public StudentPK(){
16     }
17 
18     public String getId() {
19         return id;
20     }
21 
22     public void setId(String id) {
23         this.id = id;
24     }
25 
26     public String getSid() {
27         return sid;
28     }
29 
30     public void setSid(String sid) {
31         this.sid = sid;
32     }
33 
34     @Override
35     public int hashCode() {
36         final int prime = 31;
37         int result = 1;
38         result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
39         result = prime * result + ((sid == null) ? 0 : sid.hashCode());
40         return result;
41     }
42 
43     @Override
44     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
45         if (this == obj)
46             return true;
47         if (obj == null)
48             return false;
49         if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
50             return false;
51         StudentPK other = (StudentPK) obj;
52         if (id == null) {
53             if (other.id != null)
54                 return false;
55         } else if (!id.equals(other.id))
56             return false;
57         if (sid == null) {
58             if (other.sid != null)
59                 return false;
60         } else if (!sid.equals(other.sid))
61             return false;
62         return true;
63     }
64 
65     
66     
67 }
View Code

学生类StudentPKA:

 1 package com.attributeannotation.entity;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Date;
 4 
 5 import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
 6 import javax.persistence.Entity;
 7 import javax.persistence.Table;
 8 
 9 /** 
10  * 学生实体类
11  * 
12  */
13 @Entity//(name = "t_students")
14 @Table(name="t_students",schema="hibernate")
15 public class StudentPKA {
16     
17     @EmbeddedId
18     private StudentPK pk;//学号
19     //@Id/* 联合主键,需要实现Serializable接口*/
20     //@Column(length = 8)/* 列注解,length属性值字段的长度*/
21     private String sname;//姓名
22     private String gender;//出生日期
23     private Date birthday;//出生日期
24     private String major;//专业
25     private String address;//地址
26     
27     public StudentPKA() {
28     }
29 
30     public StudentPKA(StudentPK sid, String sname, String gender, Date birthday, String major, String address) {
31         this.pk = sid;
32         this.sname = sname;
33         this.gender = gender;
34         this.birthday = birthday;
35         this.major = major;
36         this.address = address;
37     }
38 
39 
40 
41     public StudentPK getPk() {
42         return pk;
43     }
44 
45     public void setPk(StudentPK pk) {
46         this.pk = pk;
47     }
48 
49     public String getSname() {
50         return sname;
51     }
52 
53     public void setSname(String sname) {
54         this.sname = sname;
55     }
56 
57     public String getGender() {
58         return gender;
59     }
60 
61     public void setGender(String gender) {
62         this.gender = gender;
63     }
64 
65     public Date getBirthday() {
66         return birthday;
67     }
68 
69     public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
70         this.birthday = birthday;
71     }
72 
73     public String getMajor() {
74         return major;
75     }
76 
77     public void setMajor(String major) {
78         this.major = major;
79     }
80 
81     public String getAddress() {
82         return address;
83     }
84 
85     public void setAddress(String address) {
86         this.address = address;
87     }
88     
89     
90     
91     
92     
93     
94     
95 }
View Code

测试后,数据库中生成里联合主键。

1.4@Transient可选,表示该属性并非一个数据库表的字段的映射,ORM框架将忽略该属性,如果一个属性并非数据库表的字段映射,就务必将其表示@Transient,否则ORM宽肩默认其注解为@Basic。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huaxueyihao/p/8810986.html