享元模式（Flyweight）

重点概念

1. 这个模式相对简单。享元模式，就是在工厂中包含所要共享的元素实例，多个对象通过发给这个工厂所需要对象的标记，获得同一个实例，这样多个对象的操作只需要一个对象实例即可，看基础代码示例。

2.  内部状态（共享对象）和外部状态（个性化部分）（代码示例见后面网站第三版）

核心意思，是需要改变的内容部分，可以作为参数传递给方法，而对象本身依然是一个。

3. 如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的内存开销时可以考虑使用享元模式

4. 对象的大多数状态可以外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时可以考虑使用享元模式。

5. 享元模式节约内存开销，减少对象实例化个数。

示例程序

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;

namespace 享元模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int extrinsicstate = 22;

            FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory();

            Flyweight fx = f.GetFlyweight("X");
            fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            Flyweight fy = f.GetFlyweight("Y");
            fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            Flyweight fz = f.GetFlyweight("Z");
            fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            UnsharedConcreteFlyweight uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();

            uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    class FlyweightFactory
    {
        private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();

        public FlyweightFactory()
        {
            flyweights.Add("X", new ConcreteFlyweight());
            flyweights.Add("Y", new ConcreteFlyweight());
            flyweights.Add("Z", new ConcreteFlyweight());

        }

        public Flyweight GetFlyweight(string key)
        {
            return ((Flyweight)flyweights[key]);
        }
    }

    abstract class Flyweight
    {
        public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);
    }

    class ConcreteFlyweight : Flyweight
    {
        public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("具体Flyweight:" + extrinsicstate);
        }
    }

    class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight : Flyweight
    {
        public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("不共享的具体Flyweight:" + extrinsicstate);
        }
    }
}

网站，第三版

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;

namespace 享元模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            WebSiteFactory f = new WebSiteFactory();

            WebSite fx = f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fx.Use(new User("小菜"));

            WebSite fy = f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fy.Use(new User("大鸟"));

            WebSite fz = f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fz.Use(new User("娇娇"));

            WebSite fl = f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fl.Use(new User("老顽童"));

            WebSite fm = f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fm.Use(new User("桃谷六仙"));

            WebSite fn = f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fn.Use(new User("南海鳄神"));

            Console.WriteLine("得到网站分类总数为 {0}", f.GetWebSiteCount());

            //string titleA = "大话设计模式";
            //string titleB = "大话设计模式";

            //Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(titleA, titleB));


            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    //用户
    public class User
    {
        private string name;

        public User(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
        }
    }


    //网站工厂
    class WebSiteFactory
    {
        private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();

        //获得网站分类
        public WebSite GetWebSiteCategory(string key)
        {
            if (!flyweights.ContainsKey(key))
                flyweights.Add(key, new ConcreteWebSite(key));
            return ((WebSite)flyweights[key]);
        }

        //获得网站分类总数
        public int GetWebSiteCount()
        {
            return flyweights.Count;
        }
    }

    //网站
    abstract class WebSite
    {
        public abstract void Use(User user);
    }

    //具体的网站
    class ConcreteWebSite : WebSite
    {
        private string name = "";
        public ConcreteWebSite(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public override void Use(User user)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("网站分类：" + name + " 用户：" + user.Name);
        }
    }

}