迭代Iterator的用法

迭代遍历:

  • 一个标准化遍历各类容器里面的所有对象的方法类(典型的设计模式)
  • 把访问逻辑从不同类型的集合类中抽象出来,从而避免向客户端暴露集合的内部结构 

迭代(Iterator)与枚举(Enumeration)的区别:

  1.  Iterator为一个接口,java.util.Iterator提供迭代的基本规则。Enumeration属于Java Collections Framework  ;
  2.  迭代器允许调用者在迭代期间从迭代器所指向的 collection 移除元素;
  3.  方法名称得到了改进。

一、未使用Iterator

  •  数组遍历:
int[] arrays = new int[10];  
for(int i = 0 ; i < arrays.length ; i++){  
       int a = arrays[i];  
       //do something  
   } 

    上述实例缺点:

  1. 事先知道集合的内部结构,访问代码和集合本身是紧密耦合的,无法将访问逻辑从集合类和客户端代码中分离出来。
  2. 每一种集合对应一种遍历方法,客户端代码无法复用

二、使用Iterator

  • Iterator模式用同一种逻辑来遍历集合,使得客户端自身不需要来维护集合的内部结构,所有的内部状态都由Iterator来维护。
  • 客户端从不直接和集合类打交道,它总是控制Iterator,向它发送"向前","向后","取当前元素"的命令,就可以间接遍历整个集合。

1.使一个类可迭代的步骤:

Step1:在类声明中加入implements Iterable<Item>,对应的接口为(即java.lang.Iterator)

public interface Iterable<Item>{
Iterator
<Item> iterator(); }

Step2:在类中实现iterator()方法,返回一个自己定义的迭代器Iterator<Item>

public Iterator<Item> iterator(){

    //如果需要逆序遍历数组,自定义一个逆序迭代数组的迭代器
     return new ReverseArrayIterator();
}

Step3:在类中设置内部类(如private class ReverseArrayIterator() ),内部类声明中加入implements Iterator<Item>,对应的接口为(即java.util.Iterator)

public interface Iterator {  
  boolean hasNext();  
  Object next();  
  void remove();  
} 

2.使用Iterator实例(摘自算法(第四版)):

下压(LIFO)栈--能动态调整数组大小(学习迭代器只需要重点看后面两大段):

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class ResizingArrayStack<Item> implements Iterable<Item> {
    private Item[] a;         // array of items
    private int n;            // number of elements on stack


    /**
     * Initializes an empty stack.
     */
    public ResizingArrayStack() {
        a = (Item[]) new Object[2];
        n = 0;
    }

    /**
     * Is this stack empty?
     * @return true if this stack is empty; false otherwise
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return n == 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of items in the stack.
     * @return the number of items in the stack
     */
    public int size() {
        return n;
    }


    // resize the underlying array holding the elements
    private void resize(int capacity) {
        assert capacity >= n;

        // textbook implementation
        Item[] temp = (Item[]) new Object[capacity];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            temp[i] = a[i];
        }
        a = temp;

       // alternative implementation
       // a = java.util.Arrays.copyOf(a, capacity);
    }



    /**
     * Adds the item to this stack.
     * @param item the item to add
     */
    public void push(Item item) {
        if (n == a.length) resize(2*a.length);    // double size of array if necessary
        a[n++] = item;                            // add item
    }

    /**
     * Removes and returns the item most recently added to this stack.
     * @return the item most recently added
     * @throws java.util.NoSuchElementException if this stack is empty
     */
    public Item pop() {
        if (isEmpty()) throw new NoSuchElementException("Stack underflow");
        Item item = a[n-1];
        a[n-1] = null;                              // to avoid loitering
        n--;
        // shrink size of array if necessary
        if (n > 0 && n == a.length/4) resize(a.length/2);
        return item;
    }


    /**
     * Returns (but does not remove) the item most recently added to this stack.
     * @return the item most recently added to this stack
     * @throws java.util.NoSuchElementException if this stack is empty
     */
    public Item peek() {
        if (isEmpty()) throw new NoSuchElementException("Stack underflow");
        return a[n-1];
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator to this stack that iterates through the items in LIFO order.
     * @return an iterator to this stack that iterates through the items in LIFO order.
     */
    public Iterator<Item> iterator() {
        return new ReverseArrayIterator();
    }

    // an iterator, doesn't implement remove() since it's optional
    private class ReverseArrayIterator implements Iterator<Item> {
        private int i;

        public ReverseArrayIterator() {
            i = n-1;
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return i >= 0;
        }

        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public Item next() {
            if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return a[i--];
        }
    }
}

遍历时用foreach语句:

ResizingArrayStack<String> stack = new ResizingArrayStack<String>();
 for (String str:stack ) {
    System.out.println(str);
 }

 

作者: 邹珍珍(Pearl_zhen)

出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/zouzz/

声明:本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出 原文链接 如有问题, 可邮件(zouzhenzhen@seu.edu.cn)咨询.

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zouzz/p/6090105.html