Optical microscopy 光学显微镜
XRD (X-ray diffraction) X射线衍射
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy 透射电子显微镜
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy 扫描电子显微镜 注：扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜的成像原理完全不同，它是使用从样品表面激发出的各种物理信号来调制成像的。
resolution 分辨率
focal point 焦点
focal distance 焦距
Depth of field 景深
depth of focus 焦长
Aberrations 偏差，差错
Astigmatism 像散
Spherical aberration 球差
Chromatic aberration 色差
x射线和γ射线区别：Gamma rays are now usually distinguished by their origin: X-rays are emitted by definition by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus.
Spectroscopy 光谱
Residual strain/stress 参与应力
Neutron beam 中子束
Laue pattern 劳埃衍射花样
Debye pattern 德拜衍射花样
The structure of crystalline 晶体结构
Primitive cell 原胞 smallest possible unit cell
Unit cell 单胞 arbitrarily chosen but in practical always highest possible symmetry, so as many right angles as possible
Crystal structure = lattice + basis 晶体结构 = 点阵 + 基元
7 crystal systems（7个晶系）: according to symmetry（对称性）
7 lattice systems （7个点阵系统）: according to lattice
cubic 立方
hexagonal 六方
tetragonal 四方
trigonal 三
orthorhombic 正交晶系
monoclinic 单斜
triclinic 三斜
HCP 密排六方
Diffraction intensity 衍射强度
