HDU-2262 Where is the canteen 概率DP,高斯消元

  题目链接:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2262

  题意:LL在一个迷宫里面转,每次走向周围能走的点的概率都是一样的,现在LL要随机的走到canteen哪里,求期望。

  这个是带环的求期望问题,并且没有什么特殊性,只有列出方程,然后gauss消元了。首先用BFS求出能走的点,并判断能否走到canteen。然后列出期望方程,E[i]=Σ( E[j]*p[j] ) +1。然后好求了,注意题目中有多个canteen。。。

  1 //STATUS:C++_AC_437MS_700KB
  2 #include <functional>
  3 #include <algorithm>
  4 #include <iostream>
  5 //#include <ext/rope>
  6 #include <fstream>
  7 #include <sstream>
  8 #include <iomanip>
  9 #include <numeric>
 10 #include <cstring>
 11 #include <cassert>
 12 #include <cstdio>
 13 #include <string>
 14 #include <vector>
 15 #include <bitset>
 16 #include <queue>
 17 #include <stack>
 18 #include <cmath>
 19 #include <ctime>
 20 #include <list>
 21 #include <set>
 22 #include <map>
 23 using namespace std;
 24 //#pragma comment(linker,"/STACK:102400000,102400000")
 25 //using namespace __gnu_cxx;
 26 //define
 27 #define pii pair<int,int>
 28 #define mem(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
 29 #define lson l,mid,rt<<1
 30 #define rson mid+1,r,rt<<1|1
 31 #define PI acos(-1.0)
 32 //typedef
 33 typedef __int64 LL;
 34 typedef unsigned __int64 ULL;
 35 //const
 36 const int N=230;
 37 const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
 38 const LL MOD=1000000007,STA=8000010;
 39 const LL LNF=1LL<<55;
 40 const double EPS=1e-9;
 41 const double OO=1e30;
 42 const int dx[4]={-1,0,1,0};
 43 const int dy[4]={0,1,0,-1};
 44 const int day[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
 45 //Daily Use ...
 46 inline int sign(double x){return (x>EPS)-(x<-EPS);}
 47 template<class T> T gcd(T a,T b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
 48 template<class T> T lcm(T a,T b){return a/gcd(a,b)*b;}
 49 template<class T> inline T lcm(T a,T b,T d){return a/d*b;}
 50 template<class T> inline T Min(T a,T b){return a<b?a:b;}
 51 template<class T> inline T Max(T a,T b){return a>b?a:b;}
 52 template<class T> inline T Min(T a,T b,T c){return min(min(a, b),c);}
 53 template<class T> inline T Max(T a,T b,T c){return max(max(a, b),c);}
 54 template<class T> inline T Min(T a,T b,T c,T d){return min(min(a, b),min(c,d));}
 55 template<class T> inline T Max(T a,T b,T c,T d){return max(max(a, b),max(c,d));}
 56 //End
 57 
 58 /*   gauss_elimination  O(n^3)
 59    n个方程n个变元
 60    要求系数矩阵可逆
 61    A[][]是增广矩阵,即A[i][n]是第i个方程右边的常数bi
 62    运行结束后A[i][n]是第i个未知数的值    */
 63 int vis[20][20],cnt[20][20],e[20][20];
 64 char g[20][20];
 65 int n,m,tot,sx,sy;
 66 
 67 double A[N][N];
 68 
 69 int gauss(int n)
 70 {
 71     int i,j,k,r;
 72     for(i=0;i<n;i++){
 73         //选一行与r与第i行交换,提高数据值的稳定性
 74         r=i;
 75         for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
 76             if(fabs(A[j][i]) > fabs(A[r][i]))r=j;
 77         if(r!=i)for(j=0;j<=n;j++)swap(A[r][j],A[i][j]);
 78         //i行与i+1~n行消元
 79       /*  for(k=i+1;k<n;k++){   //从小到大消元,中间变量f会有损失
 80             double f=A[k][i]/A[i][i];
 81             for(j=i;j<=n;j++)A[k][j]-=f*A[i][j];
 82         }*/
 83         for(j=n;j>=i;j--){   //从大到小消元,精度更高
 84             for(k=i+1;k<n;k++)
 85                 A[k][j]-=A[k][i]/A[i][i]*A[i][j];
 86         }
 87     }
 88     //判断方程时候有解
 89     for(i=0;i<n;i++)if(sign(A[i][i])==0)return 0;
 90     //回代过程
 91     for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--){
 92         for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
 93             A[i][n]-=A[j][n]*A[i][j];
 94         A[i][n]/=A[i][i];
 95     }
 96     return 1;
 97 }
 98 
 99 int bfs()
100 {
101     int i,j,x,y,nx,ny,t;
102     queue<int> q;
103     q.push(sx*m+sy);
104     mem(vis,-1);mem(cnt,0);
105     vis[sx][sy]=tot=0;
106     tot++;
107     while(!q.empty()){
108         t=q.front();q.pop();
109         x=t/m;y=t%m;
110         for(i=0;i<4;i++){
111             nx=x+dx[i];
112             ny=y+dy[i];
113             if(nx>=0&&nx<n && ny>=0&&ny<m && g[nx][ny]!='#'){
114                 cnt[x][y]++;
115                 if(vis[nx][ny]!=-1)continue;
116                 vis[nx][ny]=tot++;
117                 q.push(nx*m+ny);
118             }
119         }
120     }
121     for(i=0;i<n;i++){
122         for(j=0;j<m;j++)
123             if(vis[i][j]!=-1 && e[i][j])return 1;
124     }
125     return 0;
126 }
127 
128 int main(){
129  //   freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
130     int i,j,k;
131     while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m))
132     {
133         mem(e,0);
134         for(i=0;i<n;i++){
135             scanf("%s",g[i]);
136             for(j=0;j<m;j++){
137                 if(g[i][j]=='@')sx=i,sy=j;
138                 else if(g[i][j]=='$')e[i][j]=1;
139             }
140         }
141 
142         if(!bfs()){
143             printf("-1
");
144             continue;
145         }
146         mem(A,0);
147         for(i=0;i<n;i++){
148             for(j=0;j<m;j++){
149                 if(vis[i][j]==-1)continue;
150                 int u=vis[i][j];
151                 double p=1.0/cnt[i][j];
152                 if(e[i][j]){
153                     A[u][u]=1;
154                     A[u][tot]=0;
155                     continue;
156                 }
157                 A[u][u]=A[u][tot]=1;
158                 for(k=0;k<4;k++){
159                     int x=i+dx[k],y=j+dy[k];
160                     if(x>=0&&x<n && y>=0&&y<m && vis[x][y]!=-1){
161                         A[u][vis[x][y]]=-p;
162                     }
163                 }
164             }
165         }
166         gauss(tot);
167         printf("%.6lf
",A[vis[sx][sy]][tot]);
168     }
169     return 0;
170 }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhsl/p/3251664.html