201771010134杨其菊《面向对象程序设计java》第十二周学习总结

 第十二周学习总结


第一部分:理论知识

         内容概要: AWT与Swing简介;框架的创建;图形程序设计; 显示图像;

1.AWT组件:

2.Swing 组件层次关系

3 .AWT与Swing的关系:大部分AWT组件都有其Swing的等价组件; Swing组件的名字一般是在AWT组件名前面添加一个字母“J”,如:JButton,JFrame,JPanel等。

 4.组件:通常把由Component类的子类或间接子类创建的对象称为一个组件。 例:Button button = new Button();TextField textField = new TextField();Label label = new Label();

5.组件类的常用API

 java.awt.Component 1.0

– boolean isVisible() 检查组件是否可见

– void setVisible(boolean b) 设置组件可见

– void setSize(int width,int height) 把组件缩放到指定宽度和高度

– void setBounds(int x,int y,int width,int height) 移动并缩放组件

– Dimension getSize() 得到组件的大小

– void setSize(Dimension d) 把组件缩放到指定的大小

– void setLocation(int x,int y)

6.容器:容器是Java中能容纳和排列组件的组件。 常用的容器是框架(Frame,JFrame)例:Frame fra = new Frame(“这是一个窗口”);

7. java.awt.Frame 类的常用API

void setResizable(boolean b) 缩放框架

void setTitle(String s) 设置框架标题

void setIconImage(Image image) 将Image用作框架图标

8.添加组件

  (1)Container类提供了一个方法add(),用来在容器类组件对象中添加其他组件。

(2) 容器本身也是一个组件,可以把一个容器添加到另一个容器里,实现容器嵌套。

9.框架(Frame)的创建

(1)创建空框架:在Java中,常采用框架(Frame)创建初始界面,即GUI的顶层窗口

(2)AWT库中有一个基于对等体的Frame类;该类的Swing版本为JFrame,JFrame是Frame子类。


第二部分:实验部分

实验十二  图形程序设计

实验时间 2018-11-14

1实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握Java GUI中框架创建及属性设置中常用类的API;

(2) 掌握Java GUI中2D图形绘制常用类的API;

(3) 了解Java GUI中2D图形中字体与颜色的设置方法;

(4) 了解Java GUI中2D图像的载入方法。 

2实验内容和步骤

实验1: 导入第10章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

l 运行下列程序,观察程序运行结果。

import javax.swing.*;

public class SimpleFrameTest

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

     JFrame  frame = new JFrame(); 

     frame.setBounds(0, 0,300, 200);

     frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

     frame.setVisible(true);    

   }

}

 1 package First;
 2 
 3 import javax.swing.*;
 4 public class SimpleFrameTest1
 5 {
 6    public static void main(String[] args)
 7    {
 8      JFrame  frame = new JFrame(); 
 9      frame.setBounds(0, 0,300, 200);//设置窗口的位置(0,0)以及大小(宽高);
10      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//设置默认的关闭操作;
11      frame.setVisible(true); //boolean设置窗口是否可见;   
12    }
13 }

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材407页程序10-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;与上面程序对比,思考异同;

l 掌握空框架创建方法;

l 了解主线程与事件分派线程概念;

l 掌握GUI顶层窗口创建技术。

 1 package First;
 2 
 3 import java.awt.*;
 4 import javax.swing.*;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * @version 1.33 2015-05-12
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class SimpleFrameTest
11 {
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {
14       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
15          {
16             SimpleFrame frame = new SimpleFrame();
17             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//设置默认的关闭操作;
18             frame.setVisible(true);//设置窗口是否可见;
19          });
20    }
21 }
22 
23 class SimpleFrame extends JFrame//父类JFrame
24 {
25    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//静态私有属性宽;
26    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//静态私有属性高;
27 
28    public SimpleFrame()//构造器
29    {
30       setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
31    }
32 }

 

测试程序2

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材412页程序10-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握确定框架常用属性的设置方法。

 1 package First;
 2 import java.awt.*;
 3 import javax.swing.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * @version 1.34 2015-06-16
 7  * @author Cay Horstmann
 8  */
 9 public class SizedFrameTest
10 {
11    public static void main(String[] args)
12    {
13       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
14          {
15             JFrame frame = new SizedFrame();
16             frame.setTitle("SizedFrame");
17             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
18             frame.setVisible(true);
19          });
20    }
21 }
22 
23 class SizedFrame extends JFrame
24 {
25    public SizedFrame()
26    {
27       // get screen dimensions
28 
29       Toolkit kit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
30       Dimension screenSize = kit.getScreenSize();
31       int screenHeight = screenSize.height;
32       int screenWidth = screenSize.width;
33 
34       // set frame width, height and let platform pick screen location
35 
36       setSize(screenWidth / 2, screenHeight / 2);
37       setLocationByPlatform(true);
38 
39       // set frame icon
40 
41       Image img = new ImageIcon("icon.gif").getImage();
42       setIconImage(img);      
43    }
44 }

测试程序3:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材418页程序10-3,结合运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握在框架中添加组件;

l 掌握自定义组件的用法。

 1 package First;
 2 
 3 import javax.swing.*;
 4 import java.awt.*;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * @version 1.33 2015-05-12
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class NotHelloWorld
11 {
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {
14       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
15          {
16             JFrame frame = new NotHelloWorldFrame();
17             frame.setTitle("NotHelloWorld");
18             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
19             frame.setVisible(true);
20          });
21    }
22 }
23 
24 /**
25  * A frame that contains a message panel
26  */
27 class NotHelloWorldFrame extends JFrame
28 {
29    public NotHelloWorldFrame()
30    {
31       add(new NotHelloWorldComponent());
32       pack();
33    }
34 }
35 
36 /**
37  * A component that displays a message.
38  */
39 class NotHelloWorldComponent extends JComponent
40 {
41    public static final int MESSAGE_X = 75;
42    public static final int MESSAGE_Y = 100;
43 
44    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
45    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
46 
47    public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
48    {
49       g.drawString("Not a Hello, World program", MESSAGE_X, MESSAGE_Y);
50    }
51    
52    public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
53 }

测试程序4:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材424 -425页程序10-4,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握2D图形的绘制方法。

 1 package First;
 2 
 3 import java.awt.*;
 4 import java.awt.geom.*;
 5 import javax.swing.*;
 6 
 7 /**
 8  * @version 1.33 2007-05-12
 9  * @author Cay Horstmann
10  */
11 public class DrawTest
12 {
13    public static void main(String[] args)
14    {
15       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
16          {
17             JFrame frame = new DrawFrame();
18             frame.setTitle("DrawTest");
19             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
20             frame.setVisible(true);
21          });
22    }
23 }
24 
25 /**
26  * A frame that contains a panel with drawings
27  */
28 class DrawFrame extends JFrame
29 {
30    public DrawFrame()
31    {      
32       add(new DrawComponent());
33       pack();
34    }
35 }
36 
37 /**
38  * A component that displays rectangles and ellipses.
39  */
40 class DrawComponent extends JComponent
41 {
42    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400;
43    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
44 
45    public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
46    {
47       Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
48 
49       // draw a rectangle
50 
51       double leftX = 100;
52       double topY = 100;
53       double width = 200;
54       double height = 150;
55 
56       Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(leftX, topY, width, height);
57       g2.draw(rect);
58 
59       // draw the enclosed ellipse
60 
61       Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Double();
62       ellipse.setFrame(rect);
63       g2.draw(ellipse);
64 
65       // draw a diagonal line
66 
67       g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(leftX, topY, leftX + width, topY + height));
68 
69       // draw a circle with the same center
70 
71       double centerX = rect.getCenterX();
72       double centerY = rect.getCenterY();
73       double radius = 150;
74 
75       Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double();
76       circle.setFrameFromCenter(centerX, centerY, centerX + radius, centerY + radius);
77       g2.draw(circle);
78    }
79    
80    public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
81 }

测试程序5:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材432页-433程序10-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 了解2D图形中字体的设置的方法;

 1 package First;
 2 
 3 import java.awt.*;
 4 import java.awt.font.*;
 5 import java.awt.geom.*;
 6 import javax.swing.*;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * @version 1.34 2015-05-12
10  * @author Cay Horstmann
11  */
12 public class FontTest
13 {
14    public static void main(String[] args)
15    {
16       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
17          {
18             JFrame frame = new FontFrame();
19             frame.setTitle("FontTest");
20             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
21             frame.setVisible(true);
22          });
23    }
24 }
25 
26 /**
27  * A frame with a text message component
28  */
29 class FontFrame extends JFrame
30 {
31    public FontFrame()
32    {      
33       add(new FontComponent());
34       pack();
35    }
36 }
37 
38 /**
39  * A component that shows a centered message in a box.
40  */
41 class FontComponent extends JComponent
42 {
43    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
44    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
45 
46    public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
47    {
48       Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
49 
50       String message = "Hello, World!";
51 
52       Font f = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 36);
53       g2.setFont(f);
54 
55       // measure the size of the message
56 
57       FontRenderContext context = g2.getFontRenderContext();
58       Rectangle2D bounds = f.getStringBounds(message, context);
59 
60       // set (x,y) = top left corner of text
61 
62       double x = (getWidth() - bounds.getWidth()) / 2;
63       double y = (getHeight() - bounds.getHeight()) / 2;
64 
65       // add ascent to y to reach the baseline
66 
67       double ascent = -bounds.getY();
68       double baseY = y + ascent;
69 
70       // draw the message
71 
72       g2.drawString(message, (int) x, (int) baseY);
73 
74       g2.setPaint(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
75 
76       // draw the baseline
77 
78       g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x, baseY, x + bounds.getWidth(), baseY));
79 
80       // draw the enclosing rectangle
81 
82       Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, bounds.getWidth(), bounds.getHeight());
83       g2.draw(rect);
84    }
85    
86    public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
87 }

测试程序6:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材436页-437程序10-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 了解2D图形图像的显示方法。

 1 package First;
 2 
 3 import java.awt.*;
 4 import javax.swing.*;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * @version 1.34 2015-05-12
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class ImageTest
11 {
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {
14       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
15          {
16             JFrame frame = new ImageFrame();
17             frame.setTitle("ImageTest");
18             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
19             frame.setVisible(true);
20          });
21    }
22 }
23 
24 /**
25  * A frame with an image component
26  */
27 class ImageFrame extends JFrame
28 {
29    public ImageFrame()
30    {
31       add(new ImageComponent());
32       pack();
33    }
34 }
35 
36 /**
37  * A component that displays a tiled image
38  */
39 class ImageComponent extends JComponent
40 {
41    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
42    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
43 
44    private Image image;
45 
46    public ImageComponent()
47    {
48       image = new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif").getImage();
49    }
50 
51    public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
52    {
53       if (image == null) return;
54 
55       int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null);
56       int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null);
57 
58       // draw the image in the upper-left corner
59 
60       g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
61       // tile the image across the component
62 
63       for (int i = 0; i * imageWidth <= getWidth(); i++)
64          for (int j = 0; j * imageHeight <= getHeight(); j++)
65             if (i + j > 0) 
66                g.copyArea(0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, i * imageWidth, j * imageHeight);
67    }
68    
69    public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
70 }

 

实验2课后完成PTA平台题目集:2018秋季西北师范大学面向对象程序设计(Java)练习题集(ch6-ch9)


第三部分:总结

     1. 本周学习了图形用户界面的一些基础的设计操作,比如窗口显示不同图形,文字等等,由于设计性较强还是觉得很有意思;

      2.对过去的内容的提升:通过练习题集练习学过的内容;

      3.不断更新学习方法、学习内容;

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yqj-yf-111/p/9965094.html