282. Expression Add Operators

问题描述:

Given a string that contains only digits 0-9 and a target value, return all possibilities to add binary operators (not unary) +-, or *between the digits so they evaluate to the target value.

Example 1:

Input: num = "123", target = 6
Output: ["1+2+3", "1*2*3"] 

Example 2:

Input: num = "232", target = 8
Output: ["2*3+2", "2+3*2"]

Example 3:

Input: num = "105", target = 5
Output: ["1*0+5","10-5"]

Example 4:

Input: num = "00", target = 0
Output: ["0+0", "0-0", "0*0"]

Example 5:

Input: num = "3456237490", target = 9191
Output: []

解题思路:

这道题可以想到使用dfs来做,但是在dfs的过程中遇到了麻烦:因为乘法的存在使得出现了优先级:乘法优先于加法和减法。

所以我们需要记录上一个操作数:

  e.g.1 a+b*c 上一个操作数就是 b*c 

  e.g.2 b*c + a上一个操作数就是a

  e.g. 3 b*c -a 上一个操作数就是-a

这里参考了Hcisly的解法(在下面回复中)

void dfs(string& s, int target, int pos, long cv, long pv, string r, vector<string>& res)

s : 给出的数字

target: 目标值

pos: 起始位置

cv: 当前的累计值

pv: 上一个操作数的值

注意pv的符号!

代码:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> addOperators(string num, int target) {
        vector<string> ret;
        dfs(num, target, 0, 0, 0, "", ret);
        return ret;
    }
    
    void dfs(string& s, int target, int pos, long cv, long pv, string r, vector<string>& res) {
        if (pos == s.size() && cv == target) {
            res.push_back(r);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= s.size() - pos; i++) {
            string t = s.substr(pos, i);
            if (i > 1 && t[0] == '0') break; // preceding 
            long n = stol(t);
            if (pos == 0) {
                dfs(s, target, i, n, n, t, res);
                continue;
            }
            dfs(s, target, pos+i, cv+n, n, r+"+"+t, res);
            dfs(s, target, pos+i, cv-n, -n, r+"-"+t, res);
            dfs(s, target, pos+i, cv-pv+pv*n, pv*n, r+"*"+t, res);
        }
    }
};
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yaoyudadudu/p/9292416.html