Image-Loader LruMemoryCache

这段时间在研究Universal-Image-Loader 这个图片处理开源框架,这里主要分析一下它的LRU(Least Resently Used,最近最少使用算法)内存缓存的实现。 
在UIL它提供的默认缓存类是LruMemoryCache,在它类上面有如下一段注释:

/**
 * A cache that holds strong references to a limited number of Bitmaps. Each time a Bitmap is accessed, it is moved to
 * the head of a queue. When a Bitmap is added to a full cache, the Bitmap at the end of that queue is evicted and may become eligible for garbage collection.<br />
 * <b>NOTE:</b> This cache uses only strong references for stored Bitmaps.
 */

说明该缓存存储的是强引用的Bitmap对象,同时每当一个bitmap被访问之后,它就会被放到队列的头部,当队列满了需要删除元素时,就会删除队尾的元素,让它变成可以被垃圾回收器回收的对象。 
在LruMemoryCache中声明了三个全局变量:

private final LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap> map;//存放对象的map容器
private final int maxSize; //缓存设定的最大值 
/** Size of this cache in bytes */
private int size;  //缓存中已经占有的大小

它的构造数也同样简单:

public LruMemoryCache(int maxSize) {
        if (maxSize <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxSize <= 0");
        }
        this.maxSize = maxSize;
        this.map = new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(0, 0.75f, true);
    }

这里传进来的maxSize参数在默认的情况下是程序进程占用内存总数的八分之一,单位是Byte。 
根据Key值获取对应的bitmap对象,代码超简单:

/**
     * Returns the Bitmap for {@code key} if it exists in the cache. If a Bitmap was returned, it is moved to the head
     * of the queue. This returns null if a Bitmap is not cached.
     */
    @Override
    public final Bitmap get(String key) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key == null");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            return map.get(key);
        }
    }

存储bitmap对象:

@Override
    public final boolean put(String key, Bitmap value) {
        if (key == null || value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key == null || value == null");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            size += sizeOf(key, value); //调用sizeOf这个函数获得该bitmap对象的占用内存的大小,并且让缓存总数增加
            Bitmap previous = map.put(key, value);//这里就是把对象放入容器中的最核心的一句代码,如果容器中已经有了此元素,则返回该元素的value值,否则返回空
            if (previous != null) {
                size -= sizeOf(key, previous);//如果容器中已经有了此元素,则需要把增加的数量减掉
            }
        }

        trimToSize(maxSize); //此函数计算是否超出最大限量,是则删除队尾元素
        return true;
    }

这里涉及到两个函数: 
获取图片大小的函数

private int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {
        return value.getRowBytes() * value.getHeight();
    }

保证缓存内存量不超过设定的最大值

private void trimToSize(int maxSize) {
        while (true) {
            String key;
            Bitmap value;
            synchronized (this) {
                if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(getClass().getName() + ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!");
                }

                if (size <= maxSize || map.isEmpty()) {
                    break;
                }

                Map.Entry<String, Bitmap> toEvict = map.entrySet().iterator().next();
                if (toEvict == null) {
                    break;
                }
                key = toEvict.getKey();
                value = toEvict.getValue();
                map.remove(key);
                size -= sizeOf(key, value);
            }
        }
    }

此外,该类还有一个移除特定key的元素的方法:

/** Removes the entry for {@code key} if it exists. */
    @Override
    public final Bitmap remove(String key) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key == null");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            Bitmap previous = map.remove(key);
            if (previous != null) {
                size -= sizeOf(key, previous);
            }
            return previous;
        }
    }

至此整个缓存类就已经解析完了,你会发现其实代码超简单的,其中一个最重要的东西就是存放键值对的容器–LinkedHashMap。LinkedHashMap实现了Map接口,并且具有链表的特性,即有可预知的迭代顺序。通常在默认的情况下,该集合的迭代顺序是按照插入元素的顺序,先插入的元素在队尾,最后插入的在头部;然而当我们调用LinkedHashMap的构造函数LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) ,并传入accessOrder的值为true时,LinkedHashMap就会按照访问先后的顺序迭代,最近被访问的放在队头,最迟访问的在队尾。正是因为这个特性,LinkedHashMap很适合被用来作为LRU缓存的容器。因此有了LinkedHashMap这个神器,我们完全可以仿照UIL的缓存类构建自己的缓存!

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yaowen/p/6358199.html