MySQL之多表查询
创建表
# 创建表 create table department(id int,name varchar(20)); create table employee1( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(20), sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', age int, dep_id int ); # 插入数据 insert into department values(200,'技术'),(201,'人力资源'),(202,'销售'),(203,'运营'); insert into employee1(name,sex,age,dep_id) values('egon','male',18,200),('alex','female',48,201),('tom','male',38,201),('yuanhao','female',28,202),('lidawei','male',18,200),('jinkezhou','female',18,204); # 查看表 mysql> select * from employee1; +----+-----------+--------+------+--------+ | id | name | sex | age | dep_id | +----+-----------+--------+------+--------+ | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | | 3 | tom | male | 38 | 201 | | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | | 5 | lidawei | male | 18 | 200 | | 6 | jinkezhou | female | 18 | 204 | +----+-----------+--------+------+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from department; +------+--------------+ | id | name | +------+--------------+ | 200 | 技术 | | 201 | 人力资源 | | 202 | 销售 | | 203 | 运营 | +------+--------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
多表连接查询
交叉连接
交叉连接：不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积
mysql> select * from employee1 ,department;
内连接
内连接：找两张表共有的部分，相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果。（只连接匹配的行）
# 找两张表共有的部分，相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果 #department没有204这个部门，因而employee表中关于204这条员工信息没有匹配出来 mysql> select * from employee1,department where employee1.dep_id=department.id; #上面用where表示的可以用下面的内连接表示，建议使用下面的那种方法 mysql> select * from employee1 inner join department on employee1.dep_id=department.id; # 也可以这样表示哈 mysql> select employee1.id,employee1.name,employee1.age,employee1.sex,department.name from employee1,department where employee1.dep_id=department.id;
左连接left
优先显示左表全部记录。
#左链接：在按照on的条件取到两张表共同部分的基础上，保留左表的记录 mysql> select * from employee1 left join department on department.id=employee1.dep_id; mysql> select * from department left join employee1 on department.id=employee1.dep_id;
右连接right
优先显示右表全部记录。
#右链接：在按照on的条件取到两张表共同部分的基础上，保留右表的记录 mysql> select * from employee1 right join department on department.id=employee1.dep_id; mysql> select * from department right join employee1 on department.id=employee1.dep_id;
全部连接join
mysql> select * from department full join employee1;
符合条件多表查询
示例1：以内连接的方式查询employee和department表，并且employee表中的age字段值必须大于25,
即找出公司所有部门中年龄大于25岁的员工
mysql> select * from employee1 inner join department on employee1.dep_id=department.id and age>25;
示例2：以内连接的方式查询employee和department表，并且以age字段的升序方式显示
mysql> select * from employee1 inner join department on employee1.dep_id=department.id and age>25 and age>25 order by age asc;
子查询
#1：子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。 #2：内层查询语句的查询结果，可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。 #3：子查询中可以包含：IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字 #4：还可以包含比较运算符：= 、 !=、> 、<等
示例：
# 查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名 mysql> select name from department where id in ( select dep_id from employee1 group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25 ); # 查看技术部员工姓名 mysql> select name from employee1 where dep_id = (select id from department where name='技术'); # 查看小于2人的部门名 mysql> select name from department where id in (select dep_id from employee1 group by dep_id having count(id) < 2) union select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee1); # 提取空部门 #有人的部门 mysql> select * from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee1);