在微信公众号看到的一篇文章,想想自己也用过这么多验证码的轮子了,却没有从零开始实现一个验证码,所以自己动手码了一遍,的确加深了了解.
参考文章
完整代码
import string
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
# pillow是PIL（Python成像库）的一个分支，它不再被维护。所以，为了保持向后兼容性，
# 往往使用旧的模块名称——PIL。所以，我们直接import PIL就可以了。
class Captcha:
'''
:param captcha_size:图片验证码的尺寸
:param font_size:验证字体的大小
:param text_number:验证码的字符数
:param line_number:干扰线条数量
:param background_color:图片背景色
:param sources:取样字符集
:param save_format:图片保存格式
:return:
'''
def __init__(self, captcha_size=(150, 80),
font_size=40, text_number=4,
line_number=6, background_color=(255, 255, 255),
sources=None, save_format='png'):
self.captcha_size = captcha_size
self.font_size = font_size
self.text_number = text_number
self.line_number = line_number
self.background_color = background_color
self.format = save_format
if sources:
self.sources = sources
else:
self.sources = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
def get_text(self):
# 从sources字符集里面根据验证码数量随机生成一串字符
text = random.sample(self.sources, k=self.text_number)
return ''.join(text)
def get_font_color(self):
# 随机获取验证码中的字符的RGB颜色
font_color = (random.randint(0, 150), random.randint(0, 150), random.randint(0, 150))
return font_color
def get_line_color(self):
line_color = (random.randint(0, 250), random.randint(0, 250), random.randint(0, 250))
return line_color
def draw_text(self, draw, text, font, captcha_width, captcha_height, spacing=20):
'''
在图片上绘制传入的字符
:param draw: 生成的画笔对象
:param text: 绘制的字符
:param font: 采用的字体
:param captcha_验证码宽度
:param captcha_height: 验证码高度
:param spacing: 字符之间间隔
:return:
'''
# 获得字符串的宽度,高度
text_width, text_height = font.getsize(text)
# 每个字符的大概宽度
every_value_width = int(text_width / 4)
# 这一串字符的总长度
text_length = len(text)
# 每两个字符之间拥有间隙,获取总的间隙???
total_spacing = (text_length - 1) * spacing
if total_spacing + text_width >= captcha_
raise ValueError('字体加中间空隙超过图片总宽度')
# 获取第一个字符绘制位置
start_width = int(captcha_width - text_width - total_spacing)
start_height = int((captcha_height - text_height) / 2)
# 依次绘制每个字符
for value in text:
position = start_width, start_height
print(position)
# 绘制text
draw.text(position, value, font=font, fill=self.get_font_color())
# 改变下一个字符的起始绘制
start_width = start_width + every_value_width + spacing
def draw_line(self, draw, captcha_width, captcha_height):
'''
绘制线条
:param draw:画笔对象
:param captcha_验证码宽度
:param captcha_height: 验证码高度
:return:
'''
# 随即获取开始位置的坐标
begin = (random.randint(0, captcha_width / 2), random.randint(0, captcha_height / 2))
# 随机获取结束位置的坐标
end = (random.randint(captcha_width / 2, captcha_width), random.randint(captcha_height / 2, captcha_height))
draw.line([begin, end], fill=self.get_line_color())
def draw_point(self, draw, point_chance, width, height):
'''
绘制干扰圆点
:param draw: 画笔对象
:param point_chance:绘制圆点的概率,point_chance / 100
:param 验证码宽度
:param height: 验证码高度
:return:
'''
# 按照概率随机绘制小圆点
for w in range(width):
for h in range(height):
tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
if tmp < point_chance:
draw.point((w, h), fill=self.get_line_color())
def make_captcha(self):
# 制作验证码
# 获取验证码的宽度,高度
width, height = self.captcha_size
# 生成一张图片
captcha = Image.new('RGB', self.captcha_size, self.background_color)
# 获取字体对象
font = ImageFont.truetype('simkai.ttf', self.font_size)
# 获取画笔对象
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(captcha)
# 得到绘制的字符
text = self.get_text()
# 绘制字符
self.draw_text(draw, text, font, width, height)
# 绘制线条
for i in range(self.line_number):
self.draw_line(draw, width, height)
# 绘制小圆点 10/100=10%的概率
self.draw_point(draw, 10, width, height)
# 保存图片
captcha.save('captcha', format=self.format)
# 显示图片
captcha.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = Captcha()
a.make_captcha()