Java程序员的日常 —— 注册工厂的妙用

注册工厂是一种很常用的框架书写方法,它适合于快速创建相同类型的对象。

举个栗子

比如一个家具工厂,有沙发、椅子、茶几等等,正常的编程模式是这样的:

//创建
class 沙发{}
class 椅子{}
class 茶几{}

//使用
new 沙发();
new 椅子();
new 椅子();
new 茶几();

如果想要扩展,就需要继续定义class,然后new对象。

但是其实沙发的制作与使用时解耦的,使用者并不需要知道沙发、茶几是怎么制作出来的,只是想使用它而已。

使用注册工厂,相当于沙发、茶几、椅子都统一了一套创建方法,用户只需要去使用就行了。

参考下面的伪码:

//定义创建工厂
interface Factory<T>{ 
	T create();
}

//对象继承这个工厂
class 沙发 extends 家具{
	public static class Factory implements a.b.c.Factory<沙发>{
	public 沙发 create(){ return new 沙发()}
	}
}
class 茶几 extends 家具{
	public static class Factory implements a.b.c.Factory<茶几>{
	public 茶几 create(){ return new 茶几()}
	}
}
class 椅子 extends 家具{
	public static class Factory implements a.b.c.Factory<椅子>{
	public 椅子 create(){ return new 椅子()}
	}
}

//注册到工厂Map中
Map<String,Factory<? extends 家具>> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("沙发",new 沙发.Factory());
map.put("椅子",new 椅子.Factory());
map.put("茶几",new 茶几.Factory());

//这样在使用的时候,就可以直接用它创建对象了
map.get("沙发").create()

详细代码

Factory.class

package xing.test.thinking.chap14;

public interface Factory<T> {
	T create();
}

RegisteredFactories.class

package xing.test.thinking.chap14;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

class Part {
	public String toString(){
		return getClass().getSimpleName();
	}
	static List<Factory<? extends Part>> partFactories = new ArrayList<Factory<? extends Part>>();//存放所有的对象工厂
	//在静态块中添加对象工厂
	static{
		partFactories.add(new FuelFilter.Factory());
		partFactories.add(new AirFilter.Factory());
		partFactories.add(new CabinAirFilter.Factory());
		partFactories.add(new OilFilter.Factory());
		partFactories.add(new FanBelt.Factory());
		partFactories.add(new PowerSteeringBelt.Factory());
		partFactories.add(new GeneratorBelt.Factory());
	}
	private static Random rand = new Random(47);
	public static Part createRandom(){
		int n = rand.nextInt(partFactories.size());
		return partFactories.get(n).create();
	}
}
class Filter extends Part{}
class FuelFilter extends Filter {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<FuelFilter> {
		public FuelFilter create(){
			return new FuelFilter();
		}
	}
}
class AirFilter extends Filter {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<AirFilter> {
		public AirFilter create(){
			return new AirFilter();
		}
	}
}
class CabinAirFilter extends Filter {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<CabinAirFilter> {
		public CabinAirFilter create(){
			return new CabinAirFilter();
		}
	}
}
class OilFilter extends Filter {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<OilFilter> {
		public OilFilter create(){
			return new OilFilter();
		}
	}
}
class Belt extends Part{};
class FanBelt extends Belt {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<FanBelt> {
		public FanBelt create(){
			return new FanBelt();
		}
	}
}
class GeneratorBelt extends Belt {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<GeneratorBelt> {
		public GeneratorBelt create(){
			return new GeneratorBelt();
		}
	}
}
class PowerSteeringBelt extends Belt {
	public static class Factory implements xing.test.thinking.chap14.Factory<PowerSteeringBelt> {
		public PowerSteeringBelt create(){
			return new PowerSteeringBelt();
		}
	}
}
public class RegisteredFactories {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for(int i=0 ; i<10 ; i++){
			System.out.println(Part.createRandom());
		}
	}
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xing901022/p/5585532.html