linux记录-docker配置mysql

docker部署mysql

1.拉取镜像

docker pull mysql

2.docker  rm   containerID  删除镜像iD

3.创建镜像

docker run --name=mysql -it -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=0 -d mysql

4.查看创建的镜像

docker ps -a

5.启动镜像

docker start  containerID(找到mysql  容器id)

6.docker exec -it mysql bash进入容器bash

7.输入mysql  -uroot -p进行mysql

8.查看本地所有镜像

docker  images

9.搜索镜像

docker search tomcat

10.运行tomcat

docker run -p 8080:8080 docker.io/tomcat

 #############################################################################################

命名空间（namespaces）是 Linux 为我们提供的用于分离进程树、网络接口、挂载点以及进程间通信等资源的方法。
运行在同一台机器上的不同服务能做到完全隔离，就像运行在多台不同的机器上一样。
Docker 其实就通过 Linux 的 Namespaces 对不同的容器实现了隔离。

Chroot
在 Linux 系统中，系统默认的目录就都是以 / 也就是根目录开头的，chroot 的使用能够改变当前的系统根目录结构，通过改变当前系统的根目录，我们能够限制用户的权利，在新的根目录下并不能够访问旧系统根目录的结构个文件，也就建立了一个与原系统完全隔离的目录结构

CGroups
我们通过 Linux 的命名空间为新创建的进程隔离了文件系统、网络并与宿主机器之间的进程相互隔离，但是命名空间并不能够为我们提供物理资源上的隔离，比如 CPU 或者内存，如果在同一台机器上运行了多个对彼此以及宿主机器一无所知的『容器』，这些容器却共同占用了宿主机器的物理资源。
Control Groups（简称 CGroups）就是能够隔离宿主机器上的物理资源，例如 CPU、内存、磁盘 I/O 和网络带宽。
在 CGroup 中，所有的任务就是一个系统的一个进程，而 CGroup 就是一组按照某种标准划分的进程，在 CGroup 这种机制中，所有的资源控制都是以 CGroup 作为单位实现的，每一个进程都可以随时加入一个 CGroup 也可以随时退出一个 CGroup。

Docker 使用客户端-服务器 (C/S) 架构模式，使用远程API来管理和创建Docker容器。
Docker 容器通过 Docker 镜像来创建。
容器与镜像的关系类似于面向对象编程中的对象与类。

Docker 镜像(Images)
Docker 镜像是用于创建 Docker 容器的模板。
Docker 容器(Container)
容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用。
Docker 客户端(Client)
Docker 客户端通过命令行或者其他工具使用 Docker API (https://docs.docker.com/reference/api/docker_remote_api) 与 Docker 的守护进程通信。
Docker 主机(Host)
一个物理或者虚拟的机器用于执行 Docker 守护进程和容器。
Docker 仓库(Registry)
Docker 仓库用来保存镜像，可以理解为代码控制中的代码仓库。

1.安装nginx
docker search nginx
docker pull nginx
docker images nginx
docker run --name runoob-nginx-test -p 8081:80 -d nginx
runoob-nginx-test 容器名称。
the -d设置容器在在后台一直运行。
the -p 端口进行映射，将本地 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口。

docker ps查看是否有容器在运行
PORTS 部分表示端口映射，本地的 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口。
在浏览器中打开 http://127.0.0.1:8081/

mkdir -p ~/nginx/www ~/nginx/logs ~/nginx/conf
拷贝容器内 Nginx 默认配置文件到本地当前目录下的 conf 目录，容器 ID 可以查看 docker ps 命令输入中的第一列：
docker cp 6dd4380ba708:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ~/nginx/conf

www: 目录将映射为 nginx 容器配置的虚拟目录。
logs: 目录将映射为 nginx 容器的日志目录。
conf: 目录里的配置文件将映射为 nginx 容器的配置文件。

docker run -d -p 8082:80 --name runoob-nginx-test-web -v ~/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html -v ~/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v ~/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx nginx

命令说明：
-p 8082:80： 将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 8082 端口。
--name runoob-nginx-test-web：将容器命名为 runoob-nginx-test-web。
-v ~/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html：将我们自己创建的 www 目录挂载到容器的 /usr/share/nginx/html。
-v ~/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf：将我们自己创建的 nginx.conf 挂载到容器的 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf。
-v ~/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx：将我们自己创建的 logs 挂载到容器的 /var/log/nginx。

重启 NGINX 容器命令：
$ docker restart container-name

2.安装php
docker search php
docker pull php:5.6-fpm
docker images
docker run --name myphp-fpm -v ~/nginx/www:/www -d php:5.6-fpm
命令说明：
--name myphp-fpm : 将容器命名为 myphp-fpm。
-v ~/nginx/www:/www : 将主机中项目的目录 www 挂载到容器的 /www
mkdir ~/nginx/conf/conf.d
在该目录下添加 ~/nginx/conf/conf.d/runoob-test-php.conf 文件，内容如下：
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;

location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}

location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_pass php:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
配置文件说明：
php:9000: 表示 php-fpm 服务的 URL，下面我们会具体说明。
/www/: 是 myphp-fpm 中 php 文件的存储路径，映射到本地的 ~/nginx/www 目录。
启动 nginx：
docker run --name runoob-php-nginx -p 8083:80 -d
-v ~/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
-v ~/nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro
--link myphp-fpm:php
nginx

-p 8083:80: 端口映射，把 nginx 中的 80 映射到本地的 8083 端口。
~/nginx/www: 是本地 html 文件的存储目录，/usr/share/nginx/html 是容器内 html 文件的存储目录。
~/nginx/conf/conf.d: 是本地 nginx 配置文件的存储目录，/etc/nginx/conf.d 是容器内 nginx 配置文件的存储目录。
--link myphp-fpm:php: 把 myphp-fpm 的网络并入 nginx，并通过修改 nginx 的 /etc/hosts，把域名 php 映射成 127.0.0.1，让 nginx 通过 php:9000 访问 php-fpm。

接下来我们在 ~/nginx/www 目录下创建 index.php，代码如下：
<?php
echo phpinfo();
?>
浏览器打开 http://127.0.0.1:8083/index.php

3.安装mysql
docker search mysql
docker pull mysql:5.6
docker images |grep mysql
#dockerfile构建
mkdir -p ~/mysql/data ~/mysql/logs ~/mysql/conf
data目录将映射为mysql容器配置的数据文件存放路径
logs目录将映射为mysql容器的日志目录
conf目录里的配置文件将映射为mysql容器的配置文件
进入创建的mysql目录，创建Dockerfile
FROM debian:jessie

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql

# add gosu for easy step-down from root
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
RUN set -x
&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc"
&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"
&& gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4
&& gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu
&& rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc
&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu
&& gosu nobody true
&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget

RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:
# File::Basename
# File::Copy
# Sys::Hostname
# Data::Dumper
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y perl pwgen --no-install-recommends && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" imported
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5

ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 5.6
ENV MYSQL_VERSION 5.6.31-1debian8

RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ jessie mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list

# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)
# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter
RUN {
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select '';
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password '';
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password '';
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false;
} | debconf-set-selections
&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-server="${MYSQL_VERSION}" && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld
&& chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld
# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime
&& chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld

# comment out a few problematic configuration values
# don't reverse lookup hostnames, they are usually another container
RUN sed -Ei 's/^(bind-address|log)/#&/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf
&& echo 'skip-host-cache skip-name-resolve' | awk '{ print } $1 == "[mysqld]" && c == 0 { c = 1; system("cat") }' /etc/mysql/my.cnf > /tmp/my.cnf
&& mv /tmp/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["mysqld"]
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
docker build -t mysql .
docker images |grep mysql
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6

命令说明：
-p 3306:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口。
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 conf/my.cnf 挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。
-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs。
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用户的密码。

docker ps

# docker 中下载 mysql
docker pull mysql
#启动
docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Lzslov123! -d mysql
#进入容器
docker exec -it mysql bash
#登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Lzslov123!';
#添加远程登录用户
CREATE USER 'liaozesong'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Lzslov123!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'liaozesong'@'%';

4.安装tomcat
docker search tomcat
docker pull tomcat
docker images|grep tomcat

通过 Dockerfile 构建
mkdir -p ~/tomcat/webapps ~/tomcat/logs ~/tomcat/conf
webapps目录将映射为tomcat容器配置的应用程序目录
logs目录将映射为tomcat容器的日志目录
conf目录里的配置文件将映射为tomcat容器的配置文件
进入创建的tomcat目录，创建Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:8-jre

ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat
ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
RUN mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME"
WORKDIR $CATALINA_HOME

# let "Tomcat Native" live somewhere isolated
ENV TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR $CATALINA_HOME/native-jni-lib
ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:}$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR

# runtime dependencies for Tomcat Native Libraries
# Tomcat Native 1.2+ requires a newer version of OpenSSL than debian:jessie has available
# > checking OpenSSL library version >= 1.0.2...
# > configure: error: Your version of OpenSSL is not compatible with this version of tcnative
# see http://tomcat.10.x6.nabble.com/VOTE-Release-Apache-Tomcat-8-0-32-tp5046007p5046024.html (and following discussion)
# and https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/pull/31
ENV OPENSSL_VERSION 1.1.0f-3+deb9u2
RUN set -ex;
currentVersion="$(dpkg-query --show --showformat '${Version} ' openssl)";
if dpkg --compare-versions "$currentVersion" '<<' "$OPENSSL_VERSION"; then
if ! grep -q stretch /etc/apt/sources.list; then
# only add stretch if we're not already building from within stretch
{
echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main';
echo 'deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main';
echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main';
} > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/stretch.list;
{
# add a negative "Pin-Priority" so that we never ever get packages from stretch unless we explicitly request them
echo 'Package: *';
echo 'Pin: release n=stretch*';
echo 'Pin-Priority: -10';
echo;
# ... except OpenSSL, which is the reason we're here
echo 'Package: openssl libssl*';
echo "Pin: version $OPENSSL_VERSION";
echo 'Pin-Priority: 990';
} > /etc/apt/preferences.d/stretch-openssl;
fi;
apt-get update;
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends openssl="$OPENSSL_VERSION";
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;
fi

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
libapr1
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# see https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/KEYS
# see also "update.sh" (https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/blob/master/update.sh)
ENV GPG_KEYS 05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23

ENV TOMCAT_MAJOR 8
ENV TOMCAT_VERSION 8.5.32
ENV TOMCAT_SHA512 fc010f4643cb9996cad3812594190564d0a30be717f659110211414faf8063c61fad1f18134154084ad3ddfbbbdb352fa6686a28fbb6402d3207d4e0a88fa9ce

ENV TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS
# https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-8753?focusedCommentId=14735394#comment-14735394
https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz
# if the version is outdated, we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/
https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz
https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz
https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz

ENV TOMCAT_ASC_URLS
https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc
# not all the mirrors actually carry the .asc files :'(
https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc
https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc
https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc

RUN set -eux;

savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)";
apt-get update;

apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr;

export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)";
for key in $GPG_KEYS; do
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key";
done;

apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates;

success=;
for url in $TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS; do
if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz "$url"; then
success=1;
break;
fi;
done;
[ -n "$success" ];

echo "$TOMCAT_SHA512 *tomcat.tar.gz" | sha512sum -c -;

success=;
for url in $TOMCAT_ASC_URLS; do
if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz.asc "$url"; then
success=1;
break;
fi;
done;
[ -n "$success" ];

gpg --batch --verify tomcat.tar.gz.asc tomcat.tar.gz;
tar -xvf tomcat.tar.gz --strip-components=1;
rm bin/*.bat;
rm tomcat.tar.gz*;
rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME";

nativeBuildDir="$(mktemp -d)";
tar -xvf bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz -C "$nativeBuildDir" --strip-components=1;
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
dpkg-dev
gcc
libapr1-dev
libssl-dev
make
"openjdk-${JAVA_VERSION%%[.~bu-]*}-jdk=$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION"
;
(
export CATALINA_HOME="$PWD";
cd "$nativeBuildDir/native";
gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)";
./configure
--build="$gnuArch"
--libdir="$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR"
--prefix="$CATALINA_HOME"
--with-apr="$(which apr-1-config)"
--with-java-home="$(docker-java-home)"
--with-ssl=yes;
make -j "$(nproc)";
make install;
);
rm -rf "$nativeBuildDir";
rm bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz;

# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null;
[ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark;
apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false;
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;

# sh removes env vars it doesn't support (ones with periods)
# https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/issues/77
find ./bin/ -name '*.sh' -exec sed -ri 's|^#!/bin/sh$|#!/usr/bin/env bash|' '{}' +

# verify Tomcat Native is working properly
RUN set -e
&& nativeLines="$(catalina.sh configtest 2>&1)"
&& nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'Apache Tomcat Native')"
&& nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | sort -u)"
&& if ! echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'INFO: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library' >&2; then
echo >&2 "$nativeLines";
exit 1;
fi

EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]

docker build -t tomcat .
docker images|grep tomcat
docker run --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test -d tomcat
命令说明：
-p 8080:8080：将容器的8080端口映射到主机的8080端口
-v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test：将主机中当前目录下的test挂载到容器的/test

docker ps

5.安装python
docker search python
docker pull python:3.5
docker images python:3.5

创建Dockerfile
mkdir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp
myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录
进入创建的python目录，创建Dockerfile
FROM buildpack-deps:jessie

# remove several traces of debian python
RUN apt-get purge -y python.*

# http://bugs.python.org/issue19846
# > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and that's not OK.
ENV LANG C.UTF-8

# gpg: key F73C700D: public key "Larry Hastings <larry@hastings.org>" imported
ENV GPG_KEY 97FC712E4C024BBEA48A61ED3A5CA953F73C700D

ENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.5.1

# if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'"
ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 8.1.2

RUN set -ex
&& curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz
&& curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc
&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"
&& gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY"
&& gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz
&& rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc
&& mkdir -p /usr/src/python
&& tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz
&& rm python.tar.xz

&& cd /usr/src/python
&& ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4
&& make -j$(nproc)
&& make install
&& ldconfig
&& pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION
&& find /usr/local -depth
(
( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests )
-o
( -type f -a -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' )
) -exec rm -rf '{}' +
&& rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache

# make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist
RUN cd /usr/local/bin
&& ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install
&& ln -s idle3 idle
&& ln -s pydoc3 pydoc
&& ln -s python3 python
&& ln -s python3-config python-config

CMD ["python3"]

docker build -t python:3.5 .
docker images python:3.5
在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
print("Hello, World!");

docker run -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py
命令说明：
-v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp
-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录
python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件

方法一、docker pull redis:3.2
查找Docker Hub上的redis镜像

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker search redis
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source ... 2321 [OK]
sameersbn/redis 32 [OK]
torusware/speedus-redis Always updated official ... 29 [OK]
bitnami/redis Bitnami Redis Docker Image 22 [OK]
anapsix/redis 11MB Redis server image ... 6 [OK]
webhippie/redis Docker images for redis 4 [OK]
clue/redis-benchmark A minimal docker image t... 3 [OK]
williamyeh/redis Redis image for Docker 3 [OK]
unblibraries/redis Leverages phusion/baseim... 2 [OK]
greytip/redis redis 3.0.3 1 [OK]
servivum/redis Redis Docker Image 1 [OK]
...
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.2

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker pull redis:3.2
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为redis,标签为3.2的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker images redis
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 3.2 43c923d57784 2 weeks ago 193.9 MB
方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录redis,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/redis ~/redis/data
data目录将映射为redis容器配置的/data目录,作为redis数据持久化的存储目录

进入创建的redis目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r redis && useradd -r -g redis redis

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
ca-certificates
wget
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# grab gosu for easy step-down from root
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
RUN set -x
&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc"
&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"
&& gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4
&& gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu
&& rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc
&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu
&& gosu nobody true

ENV REDIS_VERSION 3.2.0
ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.0.tar.gz
ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA1 0c1820931094369c8cc19fc1be62f598bc5961ca

# for redis-sentinel see: http://redis.io/topics/sentinel
RUN buildDeps='gcc libc6-dev make'
&& set -x
&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y $buildDeps --no-install-recommends
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& wget -O redis.tar.gz "$REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL"
&& echo "$REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA1 *redis.tar.gz" | sha1sum -c -
&& mkdir -p /usr/src/redis
&& tar -xzf redis.tar.gz -C /usr/src/redis --strip-components=1
&& rm redis.tar.gz
&& make -C /usr/src/redis
&& make -C /usr/src/redis install
&& rm -r /usr/src/redis
&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $buildDeps

RUN mkdir /data && chown redis:redis /data
VOLUME /data
WORKDIR /data

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

EXPOSE 6379
CMD [ "redis-server" ]
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker build -t redis:3.2 .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker images redis
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 3.2 43c923d57784 2 weeks ago 193.9 MB
使用redis镜像
运行容器
runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker run -p 6379:6379 -v $PWD/data:/data -d redis:3.2 redis-server --appendonly yes
43f7a65ec7f8bd64eb1c5d82bc4fb60e5eb31915979c4e7821759aac3b62f330
runoob@runoob:~/redis$
命令说明：

-p 6379:6379 : 将容器的6379端口映射到主机的6379端口

-v $PWD/data:/data : 将主机中当前目录下的data挂载到容器的/data

redis-server --appendonly yes : 在容器执行redis-server启动命令，并打开redis持久化配置

查看容器启动情况
runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES
43f7a65ec7f8 redis:3.2 "docker-entrypoint.sh" ... 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp agitated_cray
连接、查看容器
使用redis镜像执行redis-cli命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为172.17.0.1

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker exec -it 43f7a65ec7f8 redis-cli
172.17.0.1:6379> info
# Server
redis_version:3.2.0
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
redis_build_id:f449541256e7d446
redis_mode:standalone
os:Linux 4.2.0-16-generic x86_64
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:epoll
...

方法一、docker pull mongo
查找Docker Hub上的mongo镜像

runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker search mongo
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mongo MongoDB document databases ... 1989 [OK]
mongo-express Web-based MongoDB admin int... 22 [OK]
mvertes/alpine-mongo light MongoDB container 19 [OK]
mongooseim/mongooseim-docker MongooseIM server the lates... 9 [OK]
torusware/speedus-mongo Always updated official Mon... 9 [OK]
jacksoncage/mongo Instant MongoDB sharded cluster 6 [OK]
mongoclient/mongoclient Official docker image for M... 4 [OK]
jadsonlourenco/mongo-rocks Percona Mongodb with Rocksd... 4 [OK]
asteris/apache-php-mongo Apache2.4 + PHP + Mongo + m... 2 [OK]
19hz/mongo-container Mongodb replicaset for coreos 1 [OK]
nitra/mongo Mongo3 centos7 1 [OK]
ackee/mongo MongoDB with fixed Bluemix p... 1 [OK]
kobotoolbox/mongo https://github.com/kobotoolb... 1 [OK]
valtlfelipe/mongo Docker Image based on the la... 1 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.2

runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker pull mongo
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mongo,标签为3.2的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker images mongo
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mongo latest 63c6b736e399 2 days ago 379MB
方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录mongo,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/mongo ~/mongo/db
db目录将映射为mongo容器配置的/data/db目录,作为mongo数据的存储目录

进入创建的mongo目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie-slim

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mongodb && useradd -r -g mongodb mongodb

RUN apt-get update
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
ca-certificates
jq
numactl
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# grab gosu for easy step-down from root (https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases)
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.10
# grab "js-yaml" for parsing mongod's YAML config files (https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases)
ENV JSYAML_VERSION 3.10.0

RUN set -ex;

apt-get update;
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
wget
;
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;

dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture | awk -F- '{ print $NF }')";
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch";
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch.asc";
export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)";
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4;
gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu;
command -v gpgconf && gpgconf --kill all || :;
rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc;
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu;
gosu nobody true;

wget -O /js-yaml.js "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/raw/${JSYAML_VERSION}/dist/js-yaml.js";
# TODO some sort of download verification here

apt-get purge -y --auto-remove wget

RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

ENV GPG_KEYS
# pub 4096R/AAB2461C 2014-02-25 [expires: 2016-02-25]
# Key fingerprint = DFFA 3DCF 326E 302C 4787 673A 01C4 E7FA AAB2 461C
# uid MongoDB 2.6 Release Signing Key <packaging@mongodb.com>
DFFA3DCF326E302C4787673A01C4E7FAAAB2461C
# pub 4096R/EA312927 2015-10-09 [expires: 2017-10-08]
# Key fingerprint = 42F3 E95A 2C4F 0827 9C49 60AD D68F A50F EA31 2927
# uid MongoDB 3.2 Release Signing Key <packaging@mongodb.com>
42F3E95A2C4F08279C4960ADD68FA50FEA312927
# https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/verify-mongodb-packages/#download-then-import-the-key-file
RUN set -ex;
export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)";
for key in $GPG_KEYS; do
gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key";
done;
gpg --export $GPG_KEYS > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mongodb.gpg;
command -v gpgconf && gpgconf --kill all || :;
rm -r "$GNUPGHOME";
apt-key list

# Allow build-time overrides (eg. to build image with MongoDB Enterprise version)
# Options for MONGO_PACKAGE: mongodb-org OR mongodb-enterprise
# Options for MONGO_REPO: repo.mongodb.org OR repo.mongodb.com
# Example: docker build --build-arg MONGO_PACKAGE=mongodb-enterprise --build-arg MONGO_REPO=repo.mongodb.com .
ARG MONGO_PACKAGE=mongodb-org
ARG MONGO_REPO=repo.mongodb.org
ENV MONGO_PACKAGE=${MONGO_PACKAGE} MONGO_REPO=${MONGO_REPO}

ENV MONGO_MAJOR 3.2
ENV MONGO_VERSION 3.2.20

RUN echo "deb http://$MONGO_REPO/apt/debian jessie/${MONGO_PACKAGE%-unstable}/$MONGO_MAJOR main" | tee "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/${MONGO_PACKAGE%-unstable}.list"

RUN set -x
&& apt-get update
&& apt-get install -y
${MONGO_PACKAGE}=$MONGO_VERSION
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-server=$MONGO_VERSION
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-shell=$MONGO_VERSION
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-mongos=$MONGO_VERSION
${MONGO_PACKAGE}-tools=$MONGO_VERSION
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& rm -rf /var/lib/mongodb
&& mv /etc/mongod.conf /etc/mongod.conf.orig

RUN mkdir -p /data/db /data/configdb
&& chown -R mongodb:mongodb /data/db /data/configdb
VOLUME /data/db /data/configdb

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

EXPOSE 27017
CMD ["mongod"]
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker build -t mongo:3.2 .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker images mongo:3.2
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mongo 3.2 282fd552add6 9 days ago 336.1 MB
使用mongo镜像
运行容器
runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker run -p 27017:27017 -v $PWD/db:/data/db -d mongo:3.2
cda8830cad5fe35e9c4aed037bbd5434b69b19bf2075c8626911e6ebb08cad51
runoob@runoob:~/mongo$
命令说明：

-p 27017:27017 :将容器的27017 端口映射到主机的27017 端口

-v $PWD/db:/data/db :将主机中当前目录下的db挂载到容器的/data/db，作为mongo数据存储目录

查看容器启动情况
runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES
cda8830cad5f mongo:3.2 "/entrypoint.sh mongo" ... 0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp suspicious_goodall
使用mongo镜像执行mongo 命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为172.17.0.1

runoob@runoob:~/mongo$ docker run -it mongo:3.2 mongo --host 172.17.0.1
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.7
connecting to: 172.17.0.1:27017/test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user

方法一、docker pull httpd
查找Docker Hub上的httpd镜像

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker search httpd
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
httpd The Apache HTTP Server .. 524 [OK]
centos/httpd 7 [OK]
rgielen/httpd-image-php5 Docker image for Apache... 1 [OK]
microwebapps/httpd-frontend Httpd frontend allowing... 1 [OK]
lolhens/httpd Apache httpd 2 Server 1 [OK]
publici/httpd httpd:latest 0 [OK]
publicisworldwide/httpd The Apache httpd webser... 0 [OK]
rgielen/httpd-image-simple Docker image for simple... 0 [OK]
solsson/httpd Derivatives of the offi... 0 [OK]
rgielen/httpd-image-drush Apache HTTPD + Drupal S... 0 [OK]
learninglayers/httpd 0 [OK]
sohrabkhan/httpd Docker httpd + php5.6 (... 0 [OK]
aintohvri/docker-httpd Apache HTTPD Docker ext... 0 [OK]
alizarion/httpd httpd on centos with mo... 0 [OK]
...
这里我们拉取官方的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker pull httpd
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为httpd的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker images httpd
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
httpd latest da1536b4ef14 23 seconds ago 195.1 MB
方法二、通过 Dockerfile构建
创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录apache,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/apache/www ~/apache/logs ~/apache/conf
www目录将映射为apache容器配置的应用程序目录

logs目录将映射为apache容器的日志目录

conf目录里的配置文件将映射为apache容器的配置文件

进入创建的apache目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
#RUN groupadd -r www-data && useradd -r --create-home -g www-data www-data

ENV HTTPD_PREFIX /usr/local/apache2
ENV PATH $PATH:$HTTPD_PREFIX/bin
RUN mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX"
&& chown www-data:www-data "$HTTPD_PREFIX"
WORKDIR $HTTPD_PREFIX

# install httpd runtime dependencies
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html#requirements
RUN apt-get update
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
libapr1
libaprutil1
libaprutil1-ldap
libapr1-dev
libaprutil1-dev
libpcre++0
libssl1.0.0
&& rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

ENV HTTPD_VERSION 2.4.20
ENV HTTPD_BZ2_URL https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2

RUN buildDeps='
ca-certificates
curl
bzip2
gcc
libpcre++-dev
libssl-dev
make
'
set -x
&& apt-get update
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $buildDeps
&& rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

&& curl -fSL "$HTTPD_BZ2_URL" -o httpd.tar.bz2
&& curl -fSL "$HTTPD_BZ2_URL.asc" -o httpd.tar.bz2.asc
# see https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#verify
&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"
&& gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys A93D62ECC3C8EA12DB220EC934EA76E6791485A8
&& gpg --batch --verify httpd.tar.bz2.asc httpd.tar.bz2
&& rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" httpd.tar.bz2.asc

&& mkdir -p src
&& tar -xvf httpd.tar.bz2 -C src --strip-components=1
&& rm httpd.tar.bz2
&& cd src

&& ./configure
--prefix="$HTTPD_PREFIX"
--enable-mods-shared=reallyall
&& make -j"$(nproc)"
&& make install

&& cd ..
&& rm -r src

&& sed -ri
-e 's!^(s*CustomLog)s+S+!1 /proc/self/fd/1!g'
-e 's!^(s*ErrorLog)s+S+!1 /proc/self/fd/2!g'
"$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf"

&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $buildDeps

COPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/

EXPOSE 80
CMD ["httpd-foreground"]
Dockerfile文件中 COPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/ 是将当前目录下的httpd-foreground拷贝到镜像里，作为httpd服务的启动脚本，所以我们要在本地创建一个脚本文件httpd-foreground

#!/bin/bash
set -e

# Apache gets grumpy about PID files pre-existing
rm -f /usr/local/apache2/logs/httpd.pid

exec httpd -DFOREGROUND
赋予httpd-foreground文件可执行权限

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ chmod +x httpd-foreground
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker build -t httpd .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker images httpd
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
httpd latest da1536b4ef14 23 seconds ago 195.1 MB
使用apache镜像
运行容器
docker run -p 80:80 -v $PWD/www/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ -v $PWD/conf/httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf -v $PWD/logs/:/usr/local/apache2/logs/ -d httpd
命令说明：

-p 80:80 :将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口

-v $PWD/www/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ :将主机中当前目录下的www目录挂载到容器的/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/

-v $PWD/conf/httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf :将主机中当前目录下的conf/httpd.conf文件挂载到容器的/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

-v $PWD/logs/:/usr/local/apache2/logs/ :将主机中当前目录下的logs目录挂载到容器的/usr/local/apache2/logs/

查看容器启动情况

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES
79a97f2aac37 httpd "httpd-foreground" ... 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp sharp_swanson

####################################################################
Docker 容器镜像删除
1.停止所有的container，这样才能够删除其中的images：
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
如果想要删除所有container的话再加一个指令：
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
2.查看当前有些什么images
docker images
3.删除images，通过image的id来指定删除谁
docker rmi <image id>
想要删除untagged images，也就是那些id为<None>的image的话可以用
docker rmi $(docker images | grep "^<none>" | awk "{print $3}")
要删除全部image的话
docker rmi $(docker images -q)