对于每一名开发者来说，更换系统或者更换电脑的时候，都免不了花上不短的时间去折腾开 发环境的问题。我本人也是三番两次，深知这个过程的繁琐。所有，根据我自己以往的经验， 以及参考一下他人的意见，整理一下关于在Mac下做各种开发的配置，包含Java, Ruby, Vim, git, 数据库等等。欢迎补充与修正。
Terminal篇
这篇文章包含配置控制台环境，包括包管理工具, zsh, Vim, git的安装配置。
Homebrew, 你不能错过的包管理工具
包管理工具已经成为现在操作系统中不可缺少的一个重要工具了，它能大大减轻软件安装的 负担，节约我们的时间。Linux中常用的有yum和apt-get工具，甚至Windows平台也 有Chocolatey这样优秀的工具，OSX平台自然有它独有的工具。
在OSX中，有两款大家常用的管理工具：Homebrew或者MacPorts。这两款工具都是为了解决同 样的问题——为OSX安装常用库和工具。Homebrew与MacPorts的主要区别是Homebrew不会破坏OSX 原生的环境，这也是我推荐Homebrew的主要原因。同时它安装的所有文件都是在用户独立空间内 的，这让你安装的所有软件对于该用户来说都是可以访问的，不需要使用sudo命令。
在安装Homebrew前，你需要前往AppStore下载并安装Xcode.
安装方式：
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# OSX系统基本上都自带Ruby1.9
# 所以无需先安装Ruby，但是之后我们需要管理Ruby
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
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Homebrew常用命令：
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brew list # 查看已经安装的包
brew update # 更新Homebrew自身
brew doctor # 诊断关于Homebrew的问题(Homebrew 有问题时请用它)
brew cleanup # 清理老版本软件包或者无用的文件
brew show ${formula} # 查看包信息
brew search ${formula} # 按名称搜索
brew upgrade ${formula} # 升级软件包
brew install ${formula} # 按名称安装
brew uninstall ${formula} # 按名称卸载
brew pin/unpin ${formula} # 锁定或者解锁软件包版本，防止误升级
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zsh，好用的shell
Shell程序就是Linux/UNIX系统中的一层外壳，几乎所有的应用程序都可以运行在Shell环境 下，常用的有bash, csh, zcsh等。在/etc/shells文件中可以查看系统中的各种shell。
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cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.
/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh
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而zsh是OSX系统原生的shell之一，其功能强大，语法相对于bash更加友好和强大，所以推荐 使用zsh作为默认的shell。
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# 切换zsh为默认shell
chsh -s $(which zsh)
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如果你想使用最新的zsh，你可以使用Homebrew，此方法也会保留原生的zsh，防止你在某个 时刻需要它。
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# 查看最新zsh信息
brew info zsh
# 安装zsh
brew install --disable-etcdir zsh
# 添加shell路径至/etc/shells文件中
# 将 /usr/local/bin/zsh 添加到下面文件中
sudo vim /etc/shells
# 更换默认shell
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
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下面贴上我的zsh配置以供参考
我的zsh配置 (zshrc)download
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# modify the prompt to contain git branch name if applicable
git_prompt_info() {
ref=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null)
if [[ -n $ref ]]; then
echo " %{$fg_bold[green]%}${ref#refs/heads/}%{$reset_color%}"
fi
}
setopt promptsubst
export PS1='${SSH_CONNECTION+"%{$fg_bold[green]%}%n@%m:"}%{$fg_bold[blue]%}%c%{$reset_color%}$(git_prompt_info) %# '
# load our own completion functions
fpath=(~/.zsh/completion $fpath)
# completion
autoload -U compinit
compinit
# load custom executable functions
for function in ~/.zsh/functions/*; do
source $function
done
# makes color constants available
autoload -U colors
colors
# enable colored output from ls, etc
export CLICOLOR=1
# history settings
setopt hist_ignore_all_dups inc_append_history
HISTFILE=~/.zhistory
HISTSIZE=4096
SAVEHIST=4096
# awesome cd movements from zshkit
setopt autocd autopushd pushdminus pushdsilent pushdtohome cdablevars
DIRSTACKSIZE=5
# Enable extended globbing
setopt extendedglob
# Allow [ or ] whereever you want
unsetopt nomatch
# vi mode
bindkey -v
bindkey "^F" vi-cmd-mode
bindkey jj vi-cmd-mode
# handy keybindings
bindkey "^A" beginning-of-line
bindkey "^E" end-of-line
bindkey "^R" history-incremental-search-backward
bindkey "^P" history-search-backward
bindkey "^Y" accept-and-hold
bindkey "^N" insert-last-word
bindkey -s "^T" "^[Isudo ^[A" # "t" for "toughguy"
# use vim as the visual editor
export VISUAL=vim
export EDITOR=$VISUAL
# load rbenv if available
if which rbenv &>/dev/null ; then
eval "$(rbenv init - --no-rehash)"
fi
# load thoughtbot/dotfiles scripts
export PATH="$HOME/.bin:$PATH"
# mkdir .git/safe in the root of repositories you trust
export PATH=".git/safe/../../bin:$PATH"
# aliases
[[ -f ~/.aliases ]] && source ~/.aliases
# Local config
[[ -f ~/.zshrc.local ]] && source ~/.zshrc.local
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好用的编辑器 Vim
对于Vim，无需溢美之词，作为与emacs并列的两大编辑器，早已经被无数人奉为经典。而它却 又以超长的学习曲线，使得很多人望而却步。长久以来，虽然拥有大量的插件，却缺少一个 确之有效的插件管理器。所幸，Vundle的出现解决了这个问题。
Vundle可以让你在配置文件中管理插件，并且非常方便的查找、安装、更新或者删除插件。 还可以帮你自动配置插件的执行路径和生成帮助文件。相对于另外一个管理工具pathogen， 可以说有着巨大的优势。
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# vundle 安装和配置
git clone https://github.com/gmarik/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
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" 将下面配置文件加入到.vimrc文件中
set nocompatible " 必须
filetype off " 必须
" 将Vundle加入运行时路径中(Runtime path)
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" 使用Vundle管理插件，必须
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
"
" 其他插件
"
call vundle#end() " 必须
filetype plugin indent on " 必须
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最后，你只需要执行安装命令，即可以安装好所需的插件。
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# 在vim中
:PluginInstall
# 在终端
vim +PluginInstall +qall
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下面列出我的Vim插件和配置
Vim插件 (vimrc.bundles)download
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if &compatible
set nocompatible
end
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle/
call vundle#rc()
" Let Vundle manage Vundle
Bundle 'gmarik/vundle'
" Define bundles via Github repos
Bundle 'christoomey/vim-run-interactive'
Bundle 'croaky/vim-colors-github'
Bundle 'danro/rename.vim'
Bundle 'kchmck/vim-coffee-script'
Bundle 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Bundle 'pbrisbin/vim-mkdir'
Bundle 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Bundle 'slim-template/vim-slim'
Bundle 'thoughtbot/vim-rspec'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-bundler'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-endwise'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-rails'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-surround'
Bundle 'vim-ruby/vim-ruby'
Bundle 'vim-scripts/ctags.vim'
Bundle 'vim-scripts/matchit.zip'
Bundle 'vim-scripts/tComment'
Bundle "mattn/emmet-vim"
Bundle "scrooloose/nerdtree"
Bundle "Lokaltog/vim-powerline"
Bundle "godlygeek/tabular"
Bundle "msanders/snipmate.vim"
Bundle "jelera/vim-javascript-syntax"
Bundle "altercation/vim-colors-solarized"
Bundle "othree/html5.vim"
Bundle "xsbeats/vim-blade"
Bundle "Raimondi/delimitMate"
Bundle "groenewege/vim-less"
Bundle "evanmiller/nginx-vim-syntax"
Bundle "Lokaltog/vim-easymotion"
Bundle "tomasr/molokai"
if filereadable(expand("~/.vimrc.bundles.local"))
source ~/.vimrc.bundles.local
endif
filetype on
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Vim配置 (vimrc)download
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" Use Vim settings, rather then Vi settings. This setting must be as early as
" possible, as it has side effects.
set nocompatible
" Highlight current line
au WinLeave * set nocursorline nocursorcolumn
au WinEnter * set cursorline cursorcolumn
set cursorline cursorcolumn
" Leader
let mapleader = ","
set backspace=2 " Backspace deletes like most programs in insert mode
set nobackup
set nowritebackup
set noswapfile " http://robots.thoughtbot.com/post/18739402579/global-gitignore#comment-458413287
set history=50
set ruler " show the cursor position all the time
set showcmd " display incomplete commands
set incsearch " do incremental searching
set laststatus=2 " Always display the status line
set autowrite " Automatically :write before running commands
set confirm " Need confrimation while exit
set fileencodings=utf-8,gb18030,gbk,big5
" Switch syntax highlighting on, when the terminal has colors
" Also switch on highlighting the last used search pattern.
if (&t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")) && !exists("syntax_on")
syntax on
endif
if filereadable(expand("~/.vimrc.bundles"))
source ~/.vimrc.bundles
endif
filetype plugin indent on
augroup vimrcEx
autocmd!
" When editing a file, always jump to the last known cursor position.
" Don't do it for commit messages, when the position is invalid, or when
" inside an event handler (happens when dropping a file on gvim).
autocmd BufReadPost *
if &ft != 'gitcommit' && line("'"") > 0 && line("'"") <= line("$") |
exe "normal g`"" |
endif
" Cucumber navigation commands
autocmd User Rails Rnavcommand step features/step_definitions -glob=**/* -suffix=_steps.rb
autocmd User Rails Rnavcommand config config -glob=**/* -suffix=.rb -default=routes
" Set syntax highlighting for specific file types
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile Appraisals set filetype=ruby
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.md set filetype=markdown
" Enable spellchecking for Markdown
autocmd FileType markdown setlocal spell
" Automatically wrap at 80 characters for Markdown
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.md setlocal textwidth=80
augroup END
" Softtabs, 2 spaces
set tabstop=2
set shiftwidth=2
set
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