地图、定位 CLLocationManager CLGeocoder CLPlacemark

地图、定位
一、基本知识点
定位:
1、info.plist文件设置
ios8以后,使用定位需要在info.plist文件中添加两个字段NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription和NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription
2、导入CoreLocation.framework框架并导入头文件
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
3、判断定位服务是否打开
if (![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
       NSLog(@"定位不可用");
    }
4、创建定位管理器
CLLocationManager *_manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
5、判断是否授权,如果未授权则发送授权请求
if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus]==kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined){
            [_manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
 }
6、设置代理(CLLocationManagerDelegate)
_manager.delegate=self;
7、设置精度
_manager.desiredAccuracy=kCLLocationAccuracyBest;
8、设置定位频率,多少米定位一次
_manager.distanceFilter=10.0;
9、开始定位
[_manager startUpdatingLocation];
10、停止定位
[_manager stopUpdatingLocation];
11、代理方法
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
    //定位失败
}
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray *)locations{
    CLLocation *location = [locations firstObject];
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate=location.coordinate;
    NSLog(@"经度:%f,纬度:%f,海拔:%f,航向:%f,行走速度:%f",coordinate.longitude,coordinate.latitude,location.altitude,location.course,location.speed);
    }
地理编码,根据地址得出经纬度、详细信息等
    CLGeocoder *geocode = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
    [geocode geocodeAddressString:@"泰山" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {
        CLPlacemark *place = [placemarks firstObject];
        CLLocation *location = place.location;//位置
        CLRegion *region = place.region;//区域
        NSDictionary *dic = place.addressDictionary;//详细地址信息字典,包含以下字段
        NSString *name=place.name;//地名
        NSString *thoroughfare=place.thoroughfare;//街道
        NSString *subThoroughfare=place.subThoroughfare; //街道相关信息,例如门牌等
        NSString *locality=place.locality; // 城市
        NSString *subLocality=place.subLocality; // 城市相关信息,例如标志性建筑
        NSString *administrativeArea=place.administrativeArea; // 州
        NSString*subAdministrativeArea=place.subAdministrativeArea; //其他行政区域信息
        NSString *postalCode=place.postalCode; //邮编
        NSString *ISOcountryCode=place.ISOcountryCode; //国家编码
        NSString *country=place.country; //国家
        NSString *inlandWater=place.inlandWater; //水源、湖泊
        NSString *ocean=place.ocean; // 海洋
        NSArray *areasOfInterest=place.areasOfInterest; //关联的或利益相关的地标
    }];
}
反向地理编码,根据经纬度得出具体的地址信息
    CLLocation*location=[[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:36.228 longitude:117.042];
    CLGeocoder *geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
    [geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {
        CLPlacemark*placemark=[placemarks firstObject];
        NSLog(@"详细信息:%@",placemark.addressDictionary);
    }];
地图:
12、导入MapKit.framework,并导入#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>头文件,实现MKMapViewDelegate协议
13、创建
_mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
14、设置代理
_mapView.delegate  = self;
15、是否显示用户位置
_mapView.showsUserLocation = YES;
16、用户位置跟踪
_mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;//可以省略,但是需要自己设置地图的缩放级别
17、代理方法:获取用户当前位置
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation*)userLocation{
        MKCoordinateSpan span=MKCoordinateSpanMake(0.01, 0.01);
        MKCoordinateRegion region=MKCoordinateRegionMake(userLocation.location.coordinate, span);
        [_mapView setRegion:region animated:true];//设置地图缩放级别
}
18、地图显示范围发生改变
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated{
    NSLog(@"地图显示范围发生改变");
}
19、添加大头针
MKPointAnnotation *point = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc]init];//初始化
point.title = @"大头针";//标题
point.subtitle = @"我是大头针";//子标题
point.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(36.236867, 117.054895);//经纬度
[_mapView addAnnotation:point];
20、大头针被点击
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view{
    NSLog(@"大头针被点击");
}
21、自定义大头针视图
-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{
    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MKPointAnnotation class]]) {//判断是不是自己添加的大头针
        static NSString *key1=@"AnnotationKey1";
        MKAnnotationView*annotationView=[_mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:key1];//获取大头针视图
        //如果缓存池中不存在则新建
        if (!annotationView) {
            annotationView=[[MKAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:key1];
           annotationView.canShowCallout=true;//允许交互点击                     annotationView.calloutOffset=CGPointMake(0, 1);//定义详情视图偏移量
           UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
          button.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 40, 40);           [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_classify_cafe.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];            annotationView.leftCalloutAccessoryView=button;//定义详情左侧视图
        }       
        //修改大头针视图
        //重新设置此类大头针视图的大头针模型(因为有可能是从缓存池中取出来的,位置是放到缓存池时的位置)
        annotationView.annotation=annotation;
        annotationView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_paopao_waterdrop_streetscape"];//设置大头针视图的图片       
       return annotationView;
    }else {
        return nil;
    }
}
22、大头针左侧或者右侧视图被点击
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control{
    if ([control isKindOfClass:[UIButton class]]) {
        NSLog(@"121212");
    }
}
23、调用系统自带地图进行导航
-(void)turnByTurn{
    //根据“泰山学院”地理编码
    CLGeocoder *_geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];
    [_geocoder geocodeAddressString:@"泰山学院" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {
        CLPlacemark *clPlacemark1=[placemarks firstObject];//获取第一个地标
        MKPlacemark *mkPlacemark1=[[MKPlacemark alloc]initWithPlacemark:clPlacemark1];
        //注意地理编码一次只能定位到一个位置,不能同时定位,所在放到第一个位置定位完成回调函数中再次定位
        [_geocoder geocodeAddressString:@"山东省泰安市泰山站" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {
            CLPlacemark *clPlacemark2=[placemarks firstObject];//获取第一个地标
            MKPlacemark *mkPlacemark2=[[MKPlacemark alloc]initWithPlacemark:clPlacemark2];
            NSDictionary *options=@{MKLaunchOptionsMapTypeKey:@(MKMapTypeStandard),MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey:MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeDriving};//设置导航类型
            MKMapItem *mapItem1=[[MKMapItem alloc]initWithPlacemark:mkPlacemark1];
            MKMapItem *mapItem2=[[MKMapItem alloc]initWithPlacemark:mkPlacemark2];
            [MKMapItem openMapsWithItems:@[mapItem1,mapItem2] launchOptions:options];
        }]; 
    }];}
 
二、具体代码
 
#import "ViewController.h”
1、首先导入头文件 #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
//导入头文件
2、info.plist文件设置,ios8以后,使用定位需要在info.plist文件中添加两个字段NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription和NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription。
@interface ViewController ()<CLLocationManagerDelegate>{
    CLLocationManager *manager;//位置管理
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
 
3、判断是否允许访问定位           if([CLLocationManagerlocationServicesEnabled]) {
        manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];//初始化
        NSLog(@"允许定位");
        //判断用户是否选择了位置访问权限
        if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == 0) {
            //如果尚未选择,则重新弹出请求
            [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
        }
        //设置代理
        manager.delegate = self;
        manager.distanceFilter = 10;//多少米访问一次位置
        manager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest;//定位的精确度
        [manager startUpdatingLocation];//开始定位 
        [self getInfoBUyAddress];
    }
}
 
4、错误信息
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"%@",error);
}
5、打印具体内容
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations{
    NSLog(@"--%zi---%@",locations.count,locations);
    CLLocation *location = [locations firstObject];
    NSLog(@"weidu:%f--jingdu:%f",location.coordinate.latitude,location.coordinate.longitude);
}
6、地理编码
-(void)getInfoBUyAddress{
    CLGeocoder *geo = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];//初始化编码管理
    //地理编码,传入地址,得到具体信息
    [ geo geocodeAddressString:@"周口火车站" completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        NSLog(@"--数量:%zi  信息:%@",placemarks.count,placemarks);
        CLPlacemark *place = [placemarks firstObject];
        NSLog(@"经纬度:%f---%f",place.location.coordinate.latitude,place.location.coordinate.longitude);
        NSLog(@"街道:%@",place.ocean);
    }];
}
 
7、反地理编码:根据经纬度得到位置信息
-(void)getInfoBuyCoordinate{
    CLGeocoder *geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
    CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:34.709895 longitude:113.509167];//通过经纬度定义位置对象
    [geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        NSLog(@"数量:%zi   反向: %@",placemarks.count,placemarks);
       
        CLPlacemark *place = [placemarks firstObject];
        NSLog(@"经纬度:%f,%f",place.location.coordinate.longitude,place.location.coordinate.latitude);
        NSLog(@"街道:%@",place.ocean);
    }]; 
}
 
地图具体代码
1、导入头文件
#import "ViewController.h"
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
@interface ViewController ()
2、添加代理
<CLLocationManagerDelegate,MKMapViewDelegate>{   
3、创建对象
    CLLocationManager *_manager;
    MKMapView *_mapView;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
4、判断是否允许访问,如果不允许则重新设置
    if ([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
        _manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
        if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == 0) {
            [_manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
        }
        _mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
        _mapView.delegate = self;//设置代理
        _mapView.showsUserLocation = YES;//显示用户位置
       // mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;//跟随模式
        [self.view addSubview:_mapView];
        [self addAnnotation];
        [self daohang];
   }  
}
5、点击大头针
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view{
    NSLog(@"大头针被点击:%@",view.annotation.title);
}
6、定位失败信息反馈
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didFailToLocateUserWithError:(NSError *)error{
    //定位失败
}
 
7、更新坐标位置
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation{
    //在该方法中获取用户当前位置的经纬度
    NSLog(@"经度:%f  纬度:%f",userLocation.location.coordinate.longitude,userLocation.location.coordinate.latitude);
  8、设置经纬度精度范围
    MKCoordinateSpan span = {0.1,0.1};//在中心经纬度的基础上+/- 的值
   9、设置中心经纬度以及可视范围 
    MKCoordinateRegion region = {userLocation.coordinate,span};
   10、设置地图缩放级别
    [mapView setRegion:region animated:YES];
}
11、拖动地图走该方法
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated{
     NSLog(@"----改变");
}
12、添加大头针
-(void)addAnnotation{
1)初始化大头针
    MKPointAnnotation *an = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc] init];
2)设置大头针标题
    an.title = @"我的大头针";
3)设置大头针副标题
    an.subtitle = @"副标题";
4)设置大头针的经纬度
    an.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(34.709895, 113.509167);
    [_mapView addAnnotation:an]; 
}
13、自定义大头针
-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{
 1)判断是否是程序员自己添加的大头针
    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MKPointAnnotation class]]) {
 2)定义重用标识
    static NSString *identifier = @"an";
       MKAnnotationView *view = [mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:identifier];//从重用池中取可用的大头针
3)如果!view 则重新定义
        if (!view) {
            view = [[MKAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:identifier];
4)是否允许弹出气泡
       view.canShowCallout = YES;
    }
5)设置弹出信息
        view.annotation = annotation;
6)自定义大头针图形
        view.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"an"];
        return view;
    }else{
        //用户当前位置
        return nil;
    }
}
14、自定义导航
-(void)daohang{
    MKPlacemark *placeMark = [[MKPlacemark alloc] initWithCoordinate:CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(34.695135, 113.682188) addressDictionary:nil];
     MKPlacemark *placeMark1 = [[MKPlacemark alloc] initWithCoordinate:CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(34.709895, 113.499167) addressDictionary:nil];
    NSDictionary *options=@{MKLaunchOptionsMapTypeKey:@(MKMapTypeStandard),MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey:MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeDriving};//设置导航类型
    MKMapItem *item = [[MKMapItem alloc] initWithPlacemark:placeMark];
    MKMapItem *item1 = [[MKMapItem alloc] initWithPlacemark:placeMark1];
    [MKMapItem openMapsWithItems:@[item,item1] launchOptions:options];
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxzboke/p/5062951.html