Android开发学习之路--Broadcast Receiver之初体验

学习了Activity组件后，这里再学习下另一个组件Broadcast Receiver组件。这里学习下自定义的Broadcast Receiver。通过按键自己发送广播，然后自己接收广播。新建MyBroadcastReceiver，代码如下：

package com.example.jared.broadcasttest;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * Created by jared on 16/2/12.
 */
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "Received from MyBroadcastReceiver",
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

然后在AndroidManifest中添加receiver标签：

 <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

这里定义了消息为com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST的广播。

修改activity_main.xml如下，添加一个button控件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.jared.broadcasttest.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send myBroadcast"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>

</RelativeLayout>

然后修改MainActivity，添加如下：

        send = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send);
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });

这里用到了Intent，当按下按钮的时候，就会sendBroadcast一条名为com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST的广播。

接着运行看下效果：

其实广播是跨进程的，不同进程间也就是不同的app之间是可以互相传递的。这里我们已经安装好了这个Broadcasttest的app，下面再新建一个app，用来接收这条消息。新建BroadcastTest2。

然后添加OtherBroadcastReceiver，代码如下：

package com.example.jared.broadcasttest2;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * Created by jared on 16/2/12.
 */
public class OtherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "receive by OtherBroadcastReceiver!",
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

添加AndroidManifest代码如下：

  <receiver android:name=".OtherBroadcastReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

然后运行代码，按home键退到后台，接着运行上面已经安装好的app，然后运行，效果如下：

可以看到两条广播都收到了。而发送的就一次。接着我们来学习下广播接收的优先级，这里只需要修改两个地方，一个是发送的函数，sendBroadcast函数替换成sendOrderedBroadcast，然后在AndroidManifest中添加android:priority属性。然后可以通过abortBroadcast方法将广播截断。还是看下例子吧。

修改BroadcastTest工程的代码，如下：

send = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send);
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
            }
        });

修改接收到的广播后截断广播，代码如下：

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "Received from MyBroadcastReceiver",
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        abortBroadcast();
    }
}

修改AndroidManifest添加优先级：

        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver">
            <intent-filter android:priority="100">
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

然后运行查看效果，只有当前的这个app收到广播，而另一个app没有收到任何广播。也达到了我们的期望。

接下去学习下本地的广播，所谓本地，就是只有当前的app可以收到广播，其他的app是收不到这个广播的。新建LocalBroadcast工程，编写代码如下：

package com.example.jared.localbroadcast;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
    private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
    private Button send;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.localbroadcast.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager = localBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);

        send = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send);
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.localbroadcast.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });

    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
    }

    class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "LocalReciver received ", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    }
}

这里注册了一个LocalBroadcastManager，名字为com.example.localbroadcast.LOCAL_BROADCAST。通过intentfilter动态注册。内部类LocalReceiver继承BroadcastReceiver，并重写了onReceive方法，在该方法中通过Toast消息反馈下收到广播的提醒。

运行效果如下：

关于Broadcast Receiver就基本学习到这里了，先学习基础，以后再深入学习。

明天就上班了，还好过年也学习了一些知识，得加快学完第一行代码，然后继续深入学习，早日可以胜任android开发的工作，早日去做自己想做的事情。

附：参考《第一行代码》