Web用户的身份验证及WebApi权限验证流程的设计和实现

前言：Web 用户的身份验证，及页面操作权限验证是B/S系统的基础功能，一个功能复杂的业务应用系统，通过角色授权来控制用户访问，本文通过Form认证，Mvc的Controller基类及Action的权限验证来实现Web系统登录，Mvc前端权限校验以及WebApi服务端的访问校验功能。

1. Web Form认证介绍

Web应用的访问方式因为是基于浏览器的Http地址请求，所以需要验证用户身份的合法性。目前常见的方式是Form认证，其处理逻辑描述如下：
1. 用户首先要在登录页面输入用户名和密码，然后登录系统，获取合法身份的票据，再执行后续业务处理操作；
2. 用户在没有登录的情况下提交Http页面访问请求，如果该页面不允许匿名访问，则直接跳转到登录页面；
3. 对于允许匿名访问的页面请求，系统不做权限验证，直接处理业务数据，并返回给前端；
4. 对于不同权限要求的页面Action操作，系统需要校验用户角色，计算权限列表，如果请求操作在权限列表中，则正常访问，如果不在权限列表中，则提示“未授权的访问操作”到异常处理页面。

2. WebApi 服务端Basic 方式验证

WebApi服务端接收访问请求，需要做安全验证处理，验证处理步骤如下：
1. 如果是合法的Http请求，在Http请求头中会有用户身份的票据信息，服务端会读取票据信息，并校验票据信息是否完整有效，如果满足校验要求，则进行业务数据的处理，并返回给请求发起方；
2. 如果没有票据信息，或者票据信息不是合法的，则返回“未授权的访问”异常消息给前端，由前端处理此异常。

3. 登录及权限验证流程

流程处理步骤说明：
1. 用户打开浏览器，并在地址栏中输入页面请求地址，提交；
2. 浏览器解析Http请求，发送到Web服务器；Web服务器验证用户请求，首先判断是否有登录的票据信息；
3. 用户没有登录票据信息，则跳转到登录页面；
4. 用户输入用户名和密码信息；
5. 浏览器提交登录表单数据给Web服务器；
6. Web服务需要验证用户名和密码是否匹配，发送api请求给api服务器；
7. api用户账户服务根据用户名，读取存储在数据库中的用户资料，判断密码是否匹配；
1）如果用户名和密码不匹配，则提示密码错误等信息，然该用户重新填写登录资料；
2）如果验证通过，则保存用户票据信息；
8. 接第3步，如果用户有登录票据信息，则跳转到用户请求的页面；
9. 验证用户对当前要操作的页面或页面元素是否有权限操作，首先需要发起api服务请求，获取用户的权限数据；
10. api用户权限服务根据用户名，查找该用户的角色信息，并计算用户权限列表，封装为Json数据并返回；
11. 当用户有权限操作页面或页面元素时，跳转到页面，并由页面Controller提交业务数据处理请求到api服务器；
   如果用户没有权限访问该页面或页面元素时，则显示“未授权的访问操作”，跳转到系统异常处理页面。
12. api业务服务处理业务逻辑，并将结果以Json 数据返回；
13. 返回渲染后的页面给浏览器前端，并呈现业务数据到页面；
14. 用户填写业务数据，或者查找业务数据；
15. 当填写或查找完业务数据后，用户提交表单数据；
16. 浏览器脚本提交get，post等请求给web服务器，由web服务器再次解析请求操作，重复步骤2的后续流程；
17. 当api服务器验证用户身份是，没有可信用户票据，系统提示“未授权的访问操作”，跳转到系统异常处理页面。

4. Mvc前端代码示例

4.1 用户登录AccountController

<span style="font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">
public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        //
        // GET: /Logon/

        public ActionResult Login(string returnUrl)
        {
            ViewBag.ReturnUrl = returnUrl;
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Logon(LoginUser loginUser, string returnUrl)
        {
            string strUserName = loginUser.UserName;
            string strPassword = loginUser.Password;
            var accountModel = new AccountModel();

            //验证用户是否是系统注册用户
            if (accountModel.ValidateUserLogin(strUserName, strPassword))
            {
                if (Url.IsLocalUrl(returnUrl))
                {
                    //创建用户ticket信息
                    accountModel.CreateLoginUserTicket(strUserName, strPassword);

                    //读取用户权限数据
                    accountModel.GetUserAuthorities(strUserName);

                    return new RedirectResult(returnUrl);
                }
                else
                {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("无效登录用户！");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户注销，注销之前，清除用户ticket
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Logout()
        {
            var accountModel = new AccountModel();
            accountModel.Logout();

            return RedirectToAction("Login", "Account");
        }
    }</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;"> </span><span style="font-size:14px;">public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        //
        // GET: /Logon/

        public ActionResult Login(string returnUrl)
        {
            ViewBag.ReturnUrl = returnUrl;
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Logon(LoginUser loginUser, string returnUrl)
        {
            string strUserName = loginUser.UserName;
            string strPassword = loginUser.Password;
            var accountModel = new AccountModel();

            //验证用户是否是系统注册用户
            if (accountModel.ValidateUserLogin(strUserName, strPassword))
            {
                if (Url.IsLocalUrl(returnUrl))
                {
                    //创建用户ticket信息
                    accountModel.CreateLoginUserTicket(strUserName, strPassword);

                    //读取用户权限数据
                    accountModel.GetUserAuthorities(strUserName);

                    return new RedirectResult(returnUrl);
                }
                else
                {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("无效登录用户！");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户注销，注销之前，清除用户ticket
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Logout()
        {
            var accountModel = new AccountModel();
            accountModel.Logout();

            return RedirectToAction("Login", "Account");
        }
    }</span>

4.2 用户模型AccountModel

<span style="font-size: 14px;">
public class AccountModel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建登录用户的票据信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strUserName"></param>
        internal void CreateLoginUserTicket(string strUserName, string strPassword)
        {
            //构造Form验证的票据信息
            FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, strUserName, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(90),
                true, string.Format("{0}:{1}", strUserName, strPassword), FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath);

            string ticString = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket);

            //把票据信息写入Cookie和Session
            //SetAuthCookie方法用于标识用户的Identity状态为true
            HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, ticString));
            FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(strUserName, true);
            HttpContext.Current.Session["USER_LOGON_TICKET"] = ticString;

            //重写HttpContext中的用户身份，可以封装自定义角色数据；
            //判断是否合法用户，可以检查：HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated的属性值
            string[] roles = ticket.UserData.Split(',');
            IIdentity identity = new FormsIdentity(ticket);
            IPrincipal principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, roles);
            HttpContext.Current.User = principal;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取用户权限列表数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal string GetUserAuthorities(string userName)
        {
            //从WebApi 访问用户权限数据，然后写入Session
            string jsonAuth = "[{"Controller": "SampleController", "Actions":"Apply,Process,Complete"}, {"Controller": "Product", "Actions": "List,Get,Detail"}]";
            var userAuthList = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString(jsonAuth, typeof(UserAuthModel[]));
            HttpContext.Current.Session["USER_AUTHORITIES"] = userAuthList;

            return jsonAuth;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取数据库用户表数据，判断用户密码是否匹配
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal bool ValidateUserLogin(string name, string password)
        {
            //bool isValid = password == passwordInDatabase;
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户注销执行的操作
        /// </summary>
        internal void Logout()
        {
            FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
        }
    }</span>

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class AccountModel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建登录用户的票据信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strUserName"></param>
        internal void CreateLoginUserTicket(string strUserName, string strPassword)
        {
            //构造Form验证的票据信息
            FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, strUserName, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(90),
                true, string.Format("{0}:{1}", strUserName, strPassword), FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath);

            string ticString = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket);

            //把票据信息写入Cookie和Session
            //SetAuthCookie方法用于标识用户的Identity状态为true
            HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, ticString));
            FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(strUserName, true);
            HttpContext.Current.Session["USER_LOGON_TICKET"] = ticString;

            //重写HttpContext中的用户身份，可以封装自定义角色数据；
            //判断是否合法用户，可以检查：HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated的属性值
            string[] roles = ticket.UserData.Split(',');
            IIdentity identity = new FormsIdentity(ticket);
            IPrincipal principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, roles);
            HttpContext.Current.User = principal;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取用户权限列表数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal string GetUserAuthorities(string userName)
        {
            //从WebApi 访问用户权限数据，然后写入Session
            string jsonAuth = "[{"Controller": "SampleController", "Actions":"Apply,Process,Complete"}, {"Controller": "Product", "Actions": "List,Get,Detail"}]";
            var userAuthList = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString(jsonAuth, typeof(UserAuthModel[]));
            HttpContext.Current.Session["USER_AUTHORITIES"] = userAuthList;

            return jsonAuth;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取数据库用户表数据，判断用户密码是否匹配
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal bool ValidateUserLogin(string name, string password)
        {
            //bool isValid = password == passwordInDatabase;
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户注销执行的操作
        /// </summary>
        internal void Logout()
        {
            FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
        }
    }</span>

4.3 控制器基类WebControllerBase

<span style="font-size: 14px;">/// <summary>
    /// 前端Mvc控制器基类
    /// </summary>
    [Authorize]
    public abstract class WebControllerBase : Controller
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 对应api的Url
        /// </summary>
        public string ApiUrl
        {
            get;
            protected set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户权限列表
        /// </summary>
        public UserAuthModel[] UserAuthList
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserAuthList;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录用户票据
        /// </summary>
        public string UserLoginTicket
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserLoginTicket;
            }
        }
    }</span>

<span style="font-size:14px;">/// <summary>
    /// 前端Mvc控制器基类
    /// </summary>
    [Authorize]
    public abstract class WebControllerBase : Controller
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 对应api的Url
        /// </summary>
        public string ApiUrl
        {
            get;
            protected set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户权限列表
        /// </summary>
        public UserAuthModel[] UserAuthList
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserAuthList;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录用户票据
        /// </summary>
        public string UserLoginTicket
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserLoginTicket;
            }
        }
    }</span>

4.4 权限属性RequireAuthorizationAttribute

<span style="font-size: 14px;">/// <summary>
    /// 权限验证属性类
    /// </summary>
    public class RequireAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用户权限列表
        /// </summary>
        public UserAuthModel[] UserAuthList
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserAuthList;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录用户票据
        /// </summary>
        public string UserLoginTicket
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserLoginTicket;
            }
        }

        public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);

            ////验证是否是登录用户
            var identity = filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity;
            if (identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                var actionName = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName;
                var controllerName = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName;

                //验证用户操作是否在权限列表中
                if (HasActionQulification(actionName, controllerName, identity.Name))
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(UserLoginTicket))
                        //有效登录用户，有权限访问此Action，则写入Cookie信息
                        filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Cookies[FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName].Value = UserLoginTicket;
                    else
                        //用户的Session, Cookie都过期，需要重新登录
                        filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("~/Account/Login", false);
                else
                    //虽然是登录用户，但没有该Action的权限，跳转到“未授权访问”页面
                    filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("~/Home/UnAuthorized", true);
            }
            else
            {
                //未登录用户，则判断是否是匿名访问
                var attr = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<AllowAnonymousAttribute>();
                bool isAnonymous = attr.Any(a => a is AllowAnonymousAttribute);

                if (!isAnonymous)
                    //未验证（登录）的用户, 而且是非匿名访问，则转向登录页面
                    filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("~/Account/Login", true);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从权限列表验证用户是否有权访问Action
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="actionName"></param>
        /// <param name="controllerName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool HasActionQulification(string actionName, string controllerName, string userName)
        {
            //从该用户的权限数据列表中查找是否有当前Controller和Action的item
            var auth = UserAuthList.FirstOrDefault(a =>
            {
                bool rightAction = false;
                bool rightController = a.Controller == controllerName;
                if (rightController)
                {
                    string[] actions = a.Actions.Split(',');
                    rightAction = actions.Contains(actionName);
                }
                return rightAction;
            });

            //此处可以校验用户的其它权限条件
            //var notAllowed = HasOtherLimition(userName);
            //var result = (auth != null) && notAllowed;
            //return result;

            return (auth != null);
        }
    }</span>

<span style="font-size:14px;">/// <summary>
    /// 权限验证属性类
    /// </summary>
    public class RequireAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用户权限列表
        /// </summary>
        public UserAuthModel[] UserAuthList
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserAuthList;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录用户票据
        /// </summary>
        public string UserLoginTicket
        {
            get
            {
                return AuthorizedUser.Current.UserLoginTicket;
            }
        }

        public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);

            ////验证是否是登录用户
            var identity = filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity;
            if (identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                var actionName = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName;
                var controllerName = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName;

                //验证用户操作是否在权限列表中
                if (HasActionQulification(actionName, controllerName, identity.Name))
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(UserLoginTicket))
                        //有效登录用户，有权限访问此Action，则写入Cookie信息
                        filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Cookies[FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName].Value = UserLoginTicket;
                    else
                        //用户的Session, Cookie都过期，需要重新登录
                        filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("~/Account/Login", false);
                else
                    //虽然是登录用户，但没有该Action的权限，跳转到“未授权访问”页面
                    filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("~/Home/UnAuthorized", true);
            }
            else
            {
                //未登录用户，则判断是否是匿名访问
                var attr = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<AllowAnonymousAttribute>();
                bool isAnonymous = attr.Any(a => a is AllowAnonymousAttribute);

                if (!isAnonymous)
                    //未验证（登录）的用户, 而且是非匿名访问，则转向登录页面
                    filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("~/Account/Login", true);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从权限列表验证用户是否有权访问Action
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="actionName"></param>
        /// <param name="controllerName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool HasActionQulification(string actionName, string controllerName, string userName)
        {
            //从该用户的权限数据列表中查找是否有当前Controller和Action的item
            var auth = UserAuthList.FirstOrDefault(a =>
            {
                bool rightAction = false;
                bool rightController = a.Controller == controllerName;
                if (rightController)
                {
                    string[] actions = a.Actions.Split(',');
                    rightAction = actions.Contains(actionName);
                }
                return rightAction;
            });

            //此处可以校验用户的其它权限条件
            //var notAllowed = HasOtherLimition(userName);
            //var result = (auth != null) && notAllowed;
            //return result;

            return (auth != null);
        }
    }</span>

4.5 业务Controller示例

<span style="font-size: 14px;">
public class ProductController : WebControllerBase
{

        [AllowAnonymous]
        public ActionResult Query()
        {
            return View("ProductQuery");
        }

        [HttpGet]
        //[AllowAnonymous]
        [RequireAuthorize]
        public ActionResult Detail(string id)
        {
            var cookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies;
            string url = base.ApiUrl + "/Get/" + id;
            HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientHelper.Create(url, base.UserLoginTicket);

            string result = httpClient.GetString();
            var model = JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<Product>(result);
            ViewData["PRODUCT_ADD_OR_EDIT"] = "E";
            return View("ProductForm", model);
        }
}</span>

<span style="font-size:14px;">public class ProductController : WebControllerBase
{

        [AllowAnonymous]
        public ActionResult Query()
        {
            return View("ProductQuery");
        }

        [HttpGet]
        //[AllowAnonymous]
        [RequireAuthorize]
        public ActionResult Detail(string id)
        {
            var cookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies;
            string url = base.ApiUrl + "/Get/" + id;
            HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientHelper.Create(url, base.UserLoginTicket);

            string result = httpClient.GetString();
            var model = JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<Product>(result);
            ViewData["PRODUCT_ADD_OR_EDIT"] = "E";
            return View("ProductForm", model);
        }
}</span>

5.  WebApi 服务端代码示例

5.1 控制器基类ApiControllerBase

/// <summary>
/// Controller的基类，用于实现适合业务场景的基础功能
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
[BasicAuthentication]
public abstract class ApiControllerBase : ApiController
{

}

/// <summary>
/// Controller的基类，用于实现适合业务场景的基础功能
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
[BasicAuthentication]
public abstract class ApiControllerBase : ApiController
{

}

5.2 权限属性BaseAuthenticationAttribute

/// <summary>
    /// 基本验证Attribtue，用以Action的权限处理
    /// </summary>
    public class BasicAuthenticationAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 检查用户是否有该Action执行的操作权限
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="actionContext"></param>
        public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            //检验用户ticket信息，用户ticket信息来自调用发起方
            if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)
            {
                //解密用户ticket,并校验用户名密码是否匹配
                var encryptTicket = actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter;
                if (ValidateUserTicket(encryptTicket))
                    base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                else
                    actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
            }
            else
            {
                //检查web.config配置是否要求权限校验
                bool isRquired = (WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WebApiAuthenticatedFlag"].ToString() == "true");
                if (isRquired)
                {
                    //如果请求Header不包含ticket，则判断是否是匿名调用
                    var attr = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AllowAnonymousAttribute>().OfType<AllowAnonymousAttribute>();
                    bool isAnonymous = attr.Any(a => a is AllowAnonymousAttribute);

                    //是匿名用户，则继续执行；非匿名用户，抛出“未授权访问”信息
                    if (isAnonymous)
                        base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                    else
                        actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
                }
                else
                {
                    base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 校验用户ticket信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="encryptTicket"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool ValidateUserTicket(string encryptTicket)
        {
            var userTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(encryptTicket);
            var userTicketData = userTicket.UserData;

            string userName = userTicketData.Substring(0, userTicketData.IndexOf(":"));
            string password = userTicketData.Substring(userTicketData.IndexOf(":") + 1);

            //检查用户名、密码是否正确，验证是合法用户
            //var isQuilified = CheckUser(userName, password);
            return true;
        }
    }

/// <summary>
    /// 基本验证Attribtue，用以Action的权限处理
    /// </summary>
    public class BasicAuthenticationAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 检查用户是否有该Action执行的操作权限
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="actionContext"></param>
        public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            //检验用户ticket信息，用户ticket信息来自调用发起方
            if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)
            {
                //解密用户ticket,并校验用户名密码是否匹配
                var encryptTicket = actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter;
                if (ValidateUserTicket(encryptTicket))
                    base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                else
                    actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
            }
            else
            {
                //检查web.config配置是否要求权限校验
                bool isRquired = (WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WebApiAuthenticatedFlag"].ToString() == "true");
                if (isRquired)
                {
                    //如果请求Header不包含ticket，则判断是否是匿名调用
                    var attr = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AllowAnonymousAttribute>().OfType<AllowAnonymousAttribute>();
                    bool isAnonymous = attr.Any(a => a is AllowAnonymousAttribute);

                    //是匿名用户，则继续执行；非匿名用户，抛出“未授权访问”信息
                    if (isAnonymous)
                        base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                    else
                        actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
                }
                else
                {
                    base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 校验用户ticket信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="encryptTicket"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool ValidateUserTicket(string encryptTicket)
        {
            var userTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(encryptTicket);
            var userTicketData = userTicket.UserData;

            string userName = userTicketData.Substring(0, userTicketData.IndexOf(":"));
            string password = userTicketData.Substring(userTicketData.IndexOf(":") + 1);

            //检查用户名、密码是否正确，验证是合法用户
            //var isQuilified = CheckUser(userName, password);
            return true;
        }
    }

5.3 api服务Controller实例

public class ProductController : ApiControllerBase
{

        [HttpGet]
        public object Find(string id)
        {
            return ProductServiceInstance.Find(2);
        }

     // GET api/product/5
        [HttpGet]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        public Product Get(string id)
        {
            var headers = Request.Headers;
            var p = ProductServiceInstance.GetById<Product, EPProduct>(long.Parse(id));
            if (p == null)
            {
                  throw new HttpResponseException(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
                  Content = new StringContent("id3 not found"), ReasonPhrase = "product id not exist." });
            }
            return p;
        }
}

public class ProductController : ApiControllerBase
{

        [HttpGet]
        public object Find(string id)
        {
            return ProductServiceInstance.Find(2);
        }

     // GET api/product/5
        [HttpGet]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        public Product Get(string id)
        {
            var headers = Request.Headers;
            var p = ProductServiceInstance.GetById<Product, EPProduct>(long.Parse(id));
            if (p == null)
            {
                  throw new HttpResponseException(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
                  Content = new StringContent("id3 not found"), ReasonPhrase = "product id not exist." });
            }
            return p;
        }
}

6. 其它配置说明

6.1 Mvc前端Web.Config 配置

<system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5">
      <assemblies>
        <add assembly="System.Web.Http.Data.Helpers, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" />
      </assemblies>
    </compilation>
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
    <authentication mode="Forms">
      <forms loginUrl="~/Account/Login" defaultUrl="~/Home/Index" protection="All" timeout="90" name=".AuthCookie"></forms>
    </authentication>
    <machineKey validationKey="3FFA12388DDF585BA5D35E7BC87E3F0AB47FBBEBD12240DD3BEA2BEAEC4ABA213F22AD27E8FAD77DCFEE306219691434908D193A17C1FC8DCE51B71A4AE54920" decryptionKey="ECB6A3AF9ABBF3F16E80685ED68DC74B0B13CCEE538EBBA97D0B893139683B3B" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" />
</system.web>

<system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5">
      <assemblies>
        <add assembly="System.Web.Http.Data.Helpers, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" />
      </assemblies>
    </compilation>
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
    <authentication mode="Forms">
      <forms loginUrl="~/Account/Login" defaultUrl="~/Home/Index" protection="All" timeout="90" name=".AuthCookie"></forms>
    </authentication>
    <machineKey validationKey="3FFA12388DDF585BA5D35E7BC87E3F0AB47FBBEBD12240DD3BEA2BEAEC4ABA213F22AD27E8FAD77DCFEE306219691434908D193A17C1FC8DCE51B71A4AE54920" decryptionKey="ECB6A3AF9ABBF3F16E80685ED68DC74B0B13CCEE538EBBA97D0B893139683B3B" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" />
</system.web>

machineKey节点配置，是应用于对用户ticket数据加密和解密。

6.2 WebApi服务端Web.Config配置

 <system.web>
    <machineKey validationKey="3FF112388DDF585BA5D35E7BC87E3F0AB47FBBEBD12240DD3BEA2BEAEC4ABA213F22AD27E8FAD77DCFEE306219691434908D193A17C1FC8DCE51B71A4AE54920" decryptionKey="ECB6A3AF9ABBF3F16E80685ED68DC74B0B13CCEE538EBBA97D0B893139683B3B" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" />
</system.web>

 <system.web>
    <machineKey validationKey="3FF112388DDF585BA5D35E7BC87E3F0AB47FBBEBD12240DD3BEA2BEAEC4ABA213F22AD27E8FAD77DCFEE306219691434908D193A17C1FC8DCE51B71A4AE54920" decryptionKey="ECB6A3AF9ABBF3F16E80685ED68DC74B0B13CCEE538EBBA97D0B893139683B3B" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" />
</system.web>

machineKey节点配置，是应用于对用户ticket数据加密和解密。

7. 总结

Web系统的用户登录及页面操作权限验证在处理逻辑上比较复杂，需要考虑到Form认证、匿名访问，Session和Cookie存储，以及Session和Cookie的过期处理，本文实现了整个权限验证框架的基本功能，供系统架构设计人员以及Web开发人员参考。