Same binary weight (位运算)

题目描述

The binary weight of a positive  integer is the number of 1's in its binary representation.for example,the decmial number 1 has a binary weight of 1,and the decimal number 1717 (which is 11010110101 in binary) has a binary weight of 7.Give a positive integer N,return the smallest integer greater than N that has the same binary weight as N.N will be between 1 and 1000000000,inclusive,the result is guaranteed to fit in a signed 32-bit interget.

输入

The input has multicases and each case contains a integer N.

输出

For each case,output the smallest integer greater than N that has the same binary weight as N.

样例输入

1717
4
7
12
555555

样例输出

1718
8
11
17
555557

题解:

1717(0110 1011 0101),下一位是 1718(0110 1011 0110)

767(0010 1111 1111),下一位是 895(0011 0111 1111)

348(0001 0101 1100),下一位是 355(0001 0110 0011)

其中不难发现一个规律,从右起的第一个“01”改变为“10”,并且在“01”的后面所有的“1”都移动至最后,事实上,这个就是解题的关键点,那么整个问题求解的核心就转移到这两个子问题:

1. 将右起第一个“01”,改变为“10”

2. 将该“01”后面的所有“1”移动至最后

 1 #include <cstdlib>
 2 #include <cstring>
 3 #include <algorithm>
 4 #include <cstdio>
 5 #include <cmath>
 6 #include <iostream>
 7 #include <vector>
 8 #include<string>
 9 #include<cstring>
10 #include<string.h>
11 #include<set>
12 #include<queue>
13 #include<stack>
14 #include<map>
15 using namespace std;
16 typedef long long LL;
17 
18 int main()
19 {
20     int n;
21     while(cin>>n)
22     {
23        int b=n&(-n);// 得到n中最后一个‘1’到最后的值
24        int t=n+b; // 产生进位, 实现‘01’ 变成 ‘10’
25        int s=t^n;   // 得到进位中发生变动的位
26        int k=(s>>2)/b;//先 ‘01’->'10'发生后不要去改变这两位,所以右移2位,然后将‘01’以后的‘1’移动到最后。
27        int n=t|k; // 最后的结果就是t|k
28        cout<<n<<endl;
29     }
30     return 0;
31 }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangmengmeng/p/5185483.html