MySQL基本语句


  1. 1、创建数据库
    1. Create DATABASE database-name
    2、删除数据库
    1. drop database dbname
    3、备份sql server
    1. /* 备份 */
    2. backup database Test to disk='D:/Test.bak'
    3. 3.
    4. /* 还原 */
    5. restore database Test from disk='D:/Test.bak'



4、创建新表

create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)

  根据已有的表创建新表:

Acreate table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)

Bcreate table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only


举例:

  1. CREATE TABLE `tb_agent_promotion_buy_day_snapshot` (
  2. `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  3. `record_date` date NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00',
  4. `agent_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  5. `promotion_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  6. `parent_agent_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  7. `player_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  8. `buy_cards` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  9. `buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  10. `history_buy_cards` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  11. `history_buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  12. `create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  13. `last_mod_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  14. PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  15. UNIQUE KEY `uk_promotion_player` (`promotion_id`,`player_id`,`record_date`) USING BTREE,
  16. KEY `idx_agent_id` (`agent_id`),
  17. KEY `idx_parent_agent_id` (`parent_agent_id`)
  18. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT;


5、删除新表

drop table tabname

6、增加一个列

Alter table tabname add column int

  注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。



在特定的字段后面增加:alter table newexample add address varchar(110) after stu_id;


特定字段增加多列: alter table gamesnapshot.tb_agent_promotion_player_snapshot add sale_game_count int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' after sales,

add month_sale_game_count int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' after month_sales;



7、添加主键: Alter table tabname add primary key(col)

  删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)

8、创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)

  删除索引:drop index idxname

  注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。

9、创建视图:create view viewname as select statement

  删除视图:drop view viewname

10、几个简单的基本的sql语句

  选择:select * from table1 where 范围

  插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)

  删除:delete from table1 where 范围

  更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围

  查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!

  排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]

  总数:select count as totalcount from table1

  求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1

  平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1

  最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1

  最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1

11、几个高级查询运算词

A UNION 运算符

UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1  TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL  UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2

B EXCEPT 运算符

EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL  EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。

C INTERSECT 运算符

INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1  TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL  INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。

  注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。

12、使用外连接

Aleft outer join

  左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

Bright outer join:

  右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。

Cfull outer join

  全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。

 

Dinner join
   

内联

 

 

所有外链接:http://www.3lian.com/edu/2013/05-14/69869.html


  二、提升

1、复制表(只复制结构,源表名:新表名:b) (Access可用)

  法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1

  法二:select top 0 * into b from a

2、拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:目标表名:b) (Access可用)

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3、跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件

  例子:..from b in ‘"&Server.MapPath("."&"data.mdb" &"‘ where..

4、子查询(表名1表名2b)

select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

5、显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间

select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

6、外连接查询(表名1表名2b)

select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

7、在线视图查询(表名1a

select * from (Select a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

8between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括

select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2

select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

9in 的使用方法

select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘1’,’2’,’4’,’6’)

10、两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息

delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1

11、四表联查问题:

select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、日程安排提前五分钟提醒

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(‘minute‘,f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页

select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、前10条记录

select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)

select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableBTableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表

(select a from tableA except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、随机取出10条数据

select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、随机选择记录

select newid()

19、删除重复记录

Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、列出数据库里所有的表名

select name from sysobjects where type=‘U‘

21、列出表里的所有的

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(‘TableName‘)

22、列示typevenderpcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case

select type,sum(case vender when ‘A‘ then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when ‘C‘ then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when ‘B‘ then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type

  显示结果:

type vender pcs

  电脑 A 1

  电脑 A 1

  光盘 B 2

  光盘 A 2

  手机 B 3

  手机 C 3

23、初始化表table1

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

24、选择从1015的记录

select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

  三、技巧

11=11=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多

“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选,

  如:

if @strWhere !=‘

begin

set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where ‘ + @strWhere

end

else

begin

set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘]‘

end

  我们可以直接写成

set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where 1=1 安定 ‘+ @strWhere

2、收缩数据库

--重建索引

DBCC REINDEX

DBCC INDEXDEFRAG

--收缩数据和日志

DBCC SHRINKDB

DBCC SHRINKFILE

3、压缩数据库

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限

exec sp_change_users_login ‘update_one‘,‘newname‘,‘oldname‘

go

5、检查备份集

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk=‘E:dvbbs.bak‘

6、修复数据库

Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER

GO

DBCC CHECKDB(‘dvbbs‘,repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK

GO

Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER

GO

7、日志清除

SET NOCOUNT ON

DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,

@MaxMinutes INT,

@NewSize INT

USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名

Select @LogicalFileName = ‘tablename_log‘, -- 日志文件名

@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.

@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)

-- Setup / initialize

DECLARE @OriginalSize int

Select @OriginalSize = size

FROM sysfiles

Where name = @LogicalFileName

Select ‘Original Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + ‘MB‘

FROM sysfiles

Where name = @LogicalFileName

Create TABLE DummyTrans

(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter INT,

@StartTime DATETIME,

@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)

Select @StartTime = GETDATE(),

@TruncLog = ‘BACKUP LOG ‘ + db_name() + ‘ WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY‘

DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)

EXEC (@TruncLog)

-- Wrap the log if necessary.

WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired

AND @OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name = @LogicalFileName)

AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize

BEGIN -- Outer loop.

Select @Counter = 0

WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))

BEGIN -- update

Insert DummyTrans VALUES (‘Fill Log‘)

Delete DummyTrans

Select @Counter = @Counter + 1

END

EXEC (@TruncLog)

END

Select ‘Final Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + ‘MB‘

FROM sysfiles

Where name = @LogicalFileName

Drop TABLE DummyTrans

SET NOCOUNT OFF

8、更改某个表

exec sp_changeobjectowner ‘tablename‘,‘dbo‘

9、存储更改全部表

Create PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch

@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),

@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)

AS

DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR

select ‘Name‘ = name,

‘Owner‘ = user_name(uid)

from sysobjects

where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner

order by name

OPEN curObject

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)

BEGIN

if @Owner=@OldOwner

begin

set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + ‘.‘ + rtrim(@Name)

exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner

end

-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

END

close curObject

deallocate curObject

GO

10SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据

declare @i int

set @i=1

while @i<30

begin

insert into test (userid) values(@i)

set @i=@i+1

end


MYSQL整体备份:



11、使用procedure analyse()分析mysql给出的关于表结构的优化建议

ag:select player_id from tb_access_log procedure analyse()





原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tangbinghaochi/p/6292948.html