关于H5页面在iPhoneX适配(转)

​1.  iPhoneX的介绍

屏幕尺寸

我们熟知的iPhone系列开发尺寸概要如下:

△ iPhone各机型的开发尺寸

转化成我们熟知的像素尺寸:

△ 每个机型的多维度尺寸

倍图其实就是像素尺寸和开发尺寸的倍率关系,但这只是外在的表现。倍图核心的影响因素在于PPI(DPI),了解屏幕密度与各尺寸的关系有助于我们深度理解倍率的概念:《基础知识学起来!为设计师量身打造的DPI指南》

iPhone8在本次升级中,屏幕尺寸和分辨率都遗传了iPhone6以后的优良传统;

然而iPhone X 无论是在屏幕尺寸、分辨率、甚至是形状上都发生了较大的改变,下面以iPhone 8作为参照物,看看到底iPhone X的适配我们要怎么考虑。

我们看看iPhone X尺寸上的变化:

2.  iPhoneX的适配---安全区域(safe area)

苹果对于 iPhone X 的设计布局意见如下:

核心内容应该处于 Safe area 确保不会被设备圆角(corners),传感器外壳(sensor housing,齐刘海) 以及底部的 Home Indicator 遮挡。也就是说 我们设计显示的内容应该尽可能的在安全区域内;

3.  iPhoneX的适配---适配方案viewport-fit

    3.1  PhoneX的适配,在iOS 11中采用了viewport-fit的meta标签作为适配方案;viewport-fit的默认值是auto。

    viewport-fit取值如下:

                                                  auto 默认:viewprot-fit:contain;页面内容显示在safe area内
                                                  cover viewport-fit:cover,页面内容充满屏幕

      viewport-fit meta标签设置(cover时)

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover">

    3.2  css constant()函数 与safe-area-inset-top & safe-area-inset-left & safe-area-inset-right & safe-area-inset-bottom的介绍

 

   如上图所示 在iOS 11中的WebKit包含了一个新的CSS函数constant(),以及一组四个预定义的常量:safe-area-inset-left, safe-area-inset-right, safe-area-inset-top和 safe-area-inset-bottom。当合并一起使用时,允许样式引用每个方面的安全区域的大小。

    3.1当我们设置viewport-fit:contain,也就是默认的时候时;设置safe-area-inset-left, safe-area-inset-right, safe-area-inset-top和 safe-area-inset-bottom等参数时不起作用的。

    3.2当我们设置viewport-fit:cover时:设置如下

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body {
    padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);   //为导航栏+状态栏的高度 88px            
    padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);   //如果未竖屏时为0                
    padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right); //如果未竖屏时为0                
    padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);//为底下圆弧的高度 34px       
}
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4.   iPhoneX的适配---高度统计

    viewport-fit:cover + 导航栏

  

5.iPhoneX的适配---媒体查询

注意这里采用的是690px(safe area高度),不是812px;

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@media only screen and (width375px) and (height690px){
    body {
        backgroundblue;
    }
}

6.iphoneX viewport-fit  问题总结

1.关于iphoneX 页面使用了渐变色时;如果viewport-fit:cover;

    1.1在设置了背景色单色和渐变色的区别,如果是单色时会填充整个屏幕,如果设置了渐变色 那么只会更加子元素的高度去渲染;而且页面的高度只有690px高度,上面使用了padding-top:88px;

  

body固定为:

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<body><div class="content">this is subElement</div></body>

1.单色时:

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       * {
           padding: 0;
           margin: 0;        
       }        
       body {
           background:green;
           padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); //88px            
           /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/            
           /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/            
           /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/        
       }
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2.渐变色

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       * {
           padding: 0;
           margin: 0;
       }
       body {
           background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 bottom, from(#ffd54f), to(#ffaa22));
           padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); //88px
           /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/
           /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/
           /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/
       }
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解决使用渐变色 仍旧填充整个屏幕的方法;CSS设置如下

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
   <title>Designing Websites for iPhone X: Respecting the safe areas</title>
   <style>        * {
       padding: 0;
       margin: 0;
   }
   html, body {
       height: 100%;
   }
   body {
       padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);
       padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);
       padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);
       padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);
   }
   .content {
       background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 bottom, from(#ffd54f), to(#ffaa22));
        100%;
       height: 724px;
   }    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">this is subElement</div>
</body>
</html>
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2.页面元素使用了固定定位的适配即:{position:fixed;}

        2.1 子元素页面固定在底部时;使用viewport-fit:contain时;可以看到bottom:0时只会显示在安全区域内;

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1">
   <!--<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">-->
   <title>Designing Websites for iPhone X: Respecting the safe areas</title>
   <style>
       * {
           padding: 0;
           margin: 0;
       }
       /*html,body {*/
           /*height: 100%;*/
       /*}*/
       body {
           background: grey;
           /*padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);*/
           /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/
           /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/
           /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/
       }
       .top {
            100%;
           height: 44px;
           background: purple;
       }
       .bottom {
           position: fixed;
           bottom: 0;
           left: 0;
           right: 0;
           height: 44px;
           color: black;
           background: green;
       }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="top">this is top</div>
   <div class="bottom">this is bottom</div>
</body>
</html>
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2.1 子元素页面固定在底部时;使用viewport-fit:cover时;可以看到bottom:0时只会显示在安全区域内;

 

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* {
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}
/*html,body {*/
    /*height: 100%;*/
/*}*/
body {
    background: grey;
    padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);
    /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/
    /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/
    /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/
}
.top {
     100%;
    height: 44px;
    background: purple;
}
.bottom {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 44px;
    color: black;
    background: green;
}

添加html,body   {100%;heigth:100%}

 

图1:

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 * {
           padding: 0;
           margin: 0;
       }
       html,body {
           height: 100%;
       }
       body {
           background: grey;
           padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);
           padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);
           padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);
           padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);
       }
       .top {
            100%;
           height: 44px;
           background: purple;
       }
       .bottom {
           position: fixed;
           bottom: 0;
           left: 0;
           right: 0;
           height: 44px;
           color: black;
           background: green;
       }
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图2:

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       * {
           padding: 0;
           margin: 0;
       }
       html,body {
           height: 100%;
       }
       body {
           background: grey;
           padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);
           padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);
           padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);
           /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/
       }
       .top {
            100%;
           height: 44px;
           background: purple;
       }
       .bottom {
           position: fixed;
           bottom: 0;
           left: 0;
           right: 0;
           height: 44px;
           color: black;
           background: green;
       }
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2.3 关于alertView弹框 遮罩层的解决方案

 
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <!--<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">-->
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover">
   <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
   <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
   <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
   <title>alertView</title>
   <script data-res="eebbk">
       document.documentElement.style.fontSize = window.screen.width / 7.5 + 'px';
   </script>
   <style>
       * {
           margin: 0;
           padding: 0;
       }
       html,body {
            100%;
           height: 100%;
       }
       body {
           font-size: 0.32rem;
           padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);
           padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);
           padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);
           padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);
       }
       .content {
           text-align: center;
       }
       .testBut {
           margin: 50px auto;
            100px;
           height: 44px;
           border: 1px solid darkgray;
           outline:none;
           user-select: none;
           background-color: yellow;
       }
   </style>
   <link href="alertView.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
   <section class="content">
       <button class="testBut" onclick="showLoading()">弹框加载</button>
   </section>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="alertView.js"></script>
   <script>
       function showLoading() {
           UIAlertView.show({
               type:"input",
               title:"温馨提示",              //标题
               content:"VIP会员即将到期",     //获取新的
               isKnow:false
           });
           var xx = new UIAlertView();
          console.log(xx);
       }
   </script>
</body>
</html>
@media only screen and (device- 375px) and (device-height: 812px) and 
(-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) {
    /*增加头部适配层*/
    .has-topbar {
        height: 100%;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        padding-top: 44px;
        &:before {
            content: '';
            position: fixed;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 44px;
            background-color: #000000;
            z-index: 9998;
        }
    }

    /*增加底部适配层*/
    .has-bottombar {
        height: 100%;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        padding-bottom: 34px;
        &:after {
            content: '';
            z-index: 9998;
            position: fixed;
            left: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 34px;
            background: #f7f7f8;
        }
    }

    /*导航操作栏上移*/
    .bottom-menu-fixed {
        bottom: 34px;
    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunshq/p/9915384.html