动手动脑(异常处理)

1.请阅读并运行AboutException.java示例,然后通过后面的几页PPT了解Java中实现异常处理的基础知识

import javax.swing.*;

 

class AboutException {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      float i=1, j=0, k;

      k=i/j;

      System.out.println(k);

    try

    {    

        k = i/j;    // Causes division-by-zero exception

        //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");

    }

    catch ( ArithmeticException e)

    {

        System.out.println("0.  "+ e.getMessage());

    }

    catch (Exception e)

    {

        if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)

            System.out.println("0");

        else

        {  

            System.out.println(e.getMessage());

            

        }

    }    

    finally

     {

             JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK");

     }      

  }

}

结果:

分析:

    Java 中所有可捕获的异常都派生自 Exception 类,把可能会发生错误的代码放进try语句块中。当程序检测到出现了一个错误时会抛出一个异常对象,异常处理代码会捕获并处理这个错误。catch语句块中的代码用于处理错误。当异常发生时,程序控制流程由try语句块跳转到catch语句块。

try{

//可能发生运行错误的代码;

}

catch(异常类型  异常对象引用){

//用于处理异常的代码

}

finally{

//用于“善后” 的代码

}

 

2.阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果。

public class CatchWho {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {

                try {

                    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();

                }

                catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

                       System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" +  "/内层try-catch");

                }

            throw new ArithmeticException();

        }

        catch(ArithmeticException e) {

            System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");

        }

        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

           System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");

        }

    }

}

结果:

         

分析:

当内层捕获异常并处理后,外层则不再捕获该异常。

 

3.写出(CatchWho2.java)代码程序运行结果。

public class CatchWho2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {

                try {

                    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();

                }

                catch(ArithmeticException e) {

                    System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch");

                }

            throw new ArithmeticException();

        }

        catch(ArithmeticException e) {

            System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");

        }

        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

            System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");

        }

    }

}

结果:

分析:

当异常未被处理时无法接受新的异常。

 

4.请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结

public class EmbededFinally {  

    public static void main(String args[]) {    

        int result;

        try {   

            System.out.println("in Level 1");

        try {

                System.out.println("in Level 2");

                 // result=100/0;  //Level 2

                 try {   

                     System.out.println("in Level 3");                    

                     //result=100/0;  //Level 3               

                }                 

                catch (Exception e) {                    

                    System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());     

                }                                

                finally {                   

                    System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");               

                }                               

                            }            

            catch (Exception e) {            

                 System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());          

             }

             finally {              

                System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");           

             }          

             result = 100 / 0;  //level 1        

        }         

        catch (Exception e) {            

            System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());        

        }        

        finally {           

             System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");       

        }    

    }

}

结果:

异常在level 3抛出

异常在level 2抛出

异常在level 1抛出

分析:

当外层异常未被处理时,内层异常不会被处理并且finally也不会执行,当有多层嵌套的finally语句时,异常在不同层次不同位置抛出时,也会导致不同的finally语句块执行顺序

 

5.finally语句块一定会执行吗?请通过 SystemExitAndFinally.java示例程序回答上述问题

 

结果:

加上System.exit(0)

 

分析:

除非调用system.exit()让程序退出也就是将调用这个程序的进程断开了finally就不会执行,否则无论任何因素finally块都一定会执行。

 

6.编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个 整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。

要求程序必须具备足够的健壮性,不管用户输入什么样的内容,都不会崩溃。

源程序:

import java.util.Scanner;

class GradeTest{

    private double grade;

    public void InputGrade(String s)

    {

        boolean flag = true;

        try

        {

            for(int i = 0;i<s.length();i++)

            {

                if((s.charAt(i) < '0' || s.charAt(i) > '9')&& s.charAt(i) != '.')

                    flag = false;

            }

            if(!flag)

            {

                throw new MyException("请输入数字!");

            }

            try{

                grade = Double.parseDouble(s);

                if(grade < 0 || grade > 100)

                {

                    throw new MyException("请输入0100的数字!");

                }

                if(grade < 60)

                    System.out.println("不及格");

                else if(grade <70)

                    System.out.println("及格");

                else if(grade < 80)

                    System.out.println("");

                else if(grade < 90)

                    System.out.println("");

                else

                    System.out.println("");

            }

            catch(MyException e)

            {

                System.out.println(e.getMessage());

            }

        }

        catch(MyException e)

        {

            System.out.println(e.getMessage());

        }

    }

}

class MyException extends Exception

{

    MyException(String str)

    {

        super(str);

    }

}

public class Grade {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

        GradeTest G = new GradeTest();

        System.out.println("请输入成绩:");

        String str = in.nextLine();

        G.InputGrade(str);

        in.close();

    }

}

结果:

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunqw/p/6103138.html