队列 & 栈//设计循环队列

设计你的循环队列实现。 循环队列是一种线性数据结构,其操作表现基于 FIFO(先进先出)原则并且队尾被连接在队首之后以形成一个循环。它也被称为“环形缓冲器”。
循环队列的一个好处是我们可以利用这个队列之前用过的空间。在一个普通队列里,一旦一个队列满了,我们就不能插入下一个元素,即使在队列前面仍有空间。但是使用循环队列,我们能使用这些空间去存储新的值。
你的实现应该支持如下操作:

  • MyCircularQueue(k): 构造器,设置队列长度为 k 。
  • Front: 从队首获取元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
  • Rear: 获取队尾元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
  • enQueue(value): 向循环队列插入一个元素。如果成功插入则返回真。
  • deQueue(): 从循环队列中删除一个元素。如果成功删除则返回真。
  • isEmpty(): 检查循环队列是否为空。
  • isFull(): 检查循环队列是否已满。

示例:

MyCircularQueue circularQueue = new MycircularQueue(3); // 设置长度为3

circularQueue.enQueue(1);  // 返回true

circularQueue.enQueue(2);  // 返回true

circularQueue.enQueue(3);  // 返回true

circularQueue.enQueue(4);  // 返回false,队列已满

circularQueue.Rear();  // 返回3

circularQueue.isFull();  // 返回true

circularQueue.deQueue();  // 返回true

circularQueue.enQueue(4);  // 返回true

circularQueue.Rear();  // 返回4
 

提示:

  • 所有的值都在 1 至 1000 的范围内;
  • 操作数将在 1 至 1000 的范围内;
  • 请不要使用内置的队列库。

Java: 

class MyCircularQueue {
    int[] queue;
    int front, rear, count;

    /** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
    public MyCircularQueue(int k) {
        queue = new int[k];
    }
    
    /** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean enQueue(int value) {
        if(isFull())
            return false;
        else
            queue[rear] = value;
        rear = (rear+1)%queue.length;
        count++;
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean deQueue() {
        if(isEmpty())
            return false;
        front = (front+1)%queue.length;
        count--;
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Get the front item from the queue. */
    public int Front() {
        if(isEmpty())
            return -1;
        return queue[front];
    }
    
    /** Get the last item from the queue. */
    public int Rear() {
        if(isEmpty())
            return -1;
        else
            return rear == 0?queue[queue.length-1]:queue[rear-1];
    }
    
    /** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return count == 0;
    }
    
    /** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
    public boolean isFull() {
        return count == queue.length;
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
 * boolean param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
 * boolean param_2 = obj.deQueue();
 * int param_3 = obj.Front();
 * int param_4 = obj.Rear();
 * boolean param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
 * boolean param_6 = obj.isFull();
 */

C++: 

class MyCircularQueue {
private:
    int size;
    vector<int> q;
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
    MyCircularQueue(int k) {
        size = k;
    }
    
    /** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    bool enQueue(int value) {
        if(isFull()){
            return false;
        }
        q.push_back(value);
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    bool deQueue() {
        if(isEmpty())
            return false;
        q.erase(q.begin());
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Get the front item from the queue. */
    int Front() {
        if(isEmpty())
            return -1;
        else
            return q.front();
    }
    
    /** Get the last item from the queue. */
    int Rear() {
        if(isEmpty())
            return -1;
        else
            return q.back();
    }
    
    /** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
    bool isEmpty() {
        return q.size() == 0;
    }
    
    /** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
    bool isFull() {
        return q.size() == size;
    }
};

/**
 * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
 * bool param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
 * bool param_2 = obj.deQueue();
 * int param_3 = obj.Front();
 * int param_4 = obj.Rear();
 * bool param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
 * bool param_6 = obj.isFull();
 */
class MyCircularQueue {

private:

    int *data;      // 存放循环队列的数据
    int head;       // 循环队列头
    int tail;       // 循环队列尾
    int len;        // 循环队列的最大长度
    int count;      // 循环队列的元素个数


public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
    MyCircularQueue(int k) {

        data = new int[k];
        head = 0;
        tail = 0;
        len = k;
        count = 0;
    }

    /** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    bool enQueue(int value) {
        if (isFull()) //循环队列满
        {
            return false;
        }
        else    // 插入元素到队尾,队尾索引值增一,元素个数增一
         {
            data[tail] = value;
            count++;
            tail = (tail + 1) % len;
            return true;
        }
    }

    /** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    bool deQueue() {
        if (isEmpty()) //循环队列空
        {
            return false;
        }
        else    // 队头索引值增一,元素个数减一
        {
            head = (head + 1) % len;
            count--;
            return true;
        }
    }

    /** Get the front item from the queue. */
    int Front() {
        if (isEmpty()) //循环队列空
        {
            return -1;
        }
        else
        {
            return data[head];
        }
    }

    /** Get the last item from the queue. */
    int Rear() {
        if (isEmpty()) //循环队列空
        {
            return -1;
        }
        // 队尾元素位于队尾索引值减一的位置,但若队尾循环到索引 0 的位置,队尾元素位于数组最后
        else
        {
            int temp = tail == 0 ? (len-1) : (tail-1);
            return data[temp];
        }
    }

    /** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
    bool isEmpty() {
        return count == 0;  // 队列元素个数为零,队列空
    }

    /** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
    bool isFull() {
        return count == len;    // 队列元素个数为数组最大长度,队列满
    }
};


/**
 * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
 * bool param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
 * bool param_2 = obj.deQueue();
 * int param_3 = obj.Front();
 * int param_4 = obj.Rear();
 * bool param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
 * bool param_6 = obj.isFull();
 */
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/strawqqhat/p/10602372.html