Java多层的异常捕获

 

一、多层异常捕获示例1:

 

运行结果:

 

原因分析:

此题有两个try-catch异常捕获,第一个throw抛出的错误,被内层catch捕获,故最后一个catch未捕获,不显示;第二个catchArithmeticException,被同名即第二个catch捕获,显示发生ArithmeticException。

二、多层异常捕获示例2:

 

运行结果:

 

原因分析:

通过Debug运行分析知,当第一个throw抛出错误后,直接跳转到最后一个同名的catch捕获块,中间程序未运行。故总结,Java中,使用try-catch语法,一旦出错,就捕获该错误;若注销第一个throw错误,则会运行第二个catch,显示发生ArithmeticException。

三、多个try-catch-finall嵌套,方法总结:

示例:

public class EmbededFinally {

   

     public static void main(String args[]) {

       

            int result;

       

            try {

           

                   System.out.println("in Level 1");

          

                  try {

               

                          System.out.println("in Level 2");

  // result=100/0;  //Level 2

              

                         try {

                  

                                System.out.println("in Level 3");

                     

                                result=100/0;  //Level 3

               

                          }

               

                          catch (Exception e) {

                   

                                 System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());

               

                          }

               

                

                          finally {

                   

                                 System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");

               

                          }

               

              

                          // result=100/0;  //Level 2

           

                          }

           

                   catch (Exception e) {

              

                         System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());

          

                  }

                  finally {

               

                          System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");

          

                    }

            

                   // result = 100 / 0;  //level 1

       

            }

       

            catch (Exception e) {

           

                   System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());

       

            }

       

            finally {

          

                  System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");

       

            }

   

     }

}

运行结果:

 

原因分析:

本程序共三个try-catch-finally嵌套,每个try、catch、finally均有输出语句。输出顺序为从第一个try开始执行三次,catch仅执行最里层level3,finally从最里层向外执行。

Finally主要用于解决资源泄露问题,它位于catch语句块后,JVM保证它一定执行,因此从最里层执行,毫无疑问。

由于finally语块中可能发生异常,比如此处的level3就发生java.lang.ArithmeticException异常,一旦发生此种异常,先前异常就会被抛弃,故仅仅最里层的catch捕获到异常,之后由于异常被抛弃,level2、level3的catch并未捕捉到异常不显示。

另外根据try-catch方法使用,try语句块一有异常,则找相应catch捕获经验得知,三个try中均为异常错误,故依次执行try中语句块。

四、try-catch-finally中finally不执行的特殊情况分析:

示例:

public class SystemExitAndFinally {

   

     public static void main(String[] args)

    {

       

            try{

           

                   System.out.println("in main");

           

                   throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");

                     //System.exit(0);

       

            }

       

            catch(Exception e)

             {

           

                   System.out.println(e.getMessage());

           

                   System.exit(0);

       

            }

       

            finally

       

            {

           

                   System.out.println("in finally");

       

            }

   

     }

}

运行截图:

 

原因分析:

通常情况下,finally运行语句一定执行,但本题中有特殊情况,在catch中有“System.exit(0);”执行此语句后,就已经结束程序,故不会运行finally语句。

五、编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个 整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。

要求程序必须具备足够的健壮性,不管用户输入什 么样的内容,都不会崩溃。

(一)源程序:

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TestScore {

     public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException {

            // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            boolean flag=true;

            while(flag) {

                   try {

                          System.out.println("输入学生分数:");

                          Scanner in =new Scanner(System.in);

                          int score=in.nextInt();

                          if(score<=100&&score>=0) {

                                 //正常分数

                                 if(score>=90) {

                                        System.out.println("优!");

                                        break;

                                 }

                                 else if(score>=80) {

                                        System.out.println("良!");

                                        break;

                                 }

                                 else if(score>=70) {

                                        System.out.println("中!");

                                        break;

                                 }

                                 else if(score>=60) {

                                        System.out.println("及格!");

                                        break;

                                 }

                                 else if(score>=0) {

                                        System.out.println("不及格!");

                                        break;

                                 }

                   }

                          else//不正常int型分数

                                 System.out.println("输入格式错误,请重新输入!");

                         

                   }catch(Exception e) {

                          //输入格式错误

                          System.out.println("输入格式错误,请重新输入!");

                          flag=true;

                   }

            }

                  

     }

}

(二)程序结果截图:

 

(三)结果分析:

(1)首先对输入格式分析是否正确,正确继续运行,不正确catch捕捉错误,通过while循环再次输入。

(2)若输入格式正确,但是分数不在正常范围内,则通过if-else判定,提示再次输入。

(3)使用if-else if()判断分数等级。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/somedayLi/p/7847136.html