iOS 基础类解析

iOS 基础类解析 - NSString

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下面从苹果官网摘录的 NSString 的文件夹信息，大家发现了，条目太多。只是看一下分类，一共24个。好像少非常多了吧，就是这样，理解了每个分类所要做的事情和做事情的原则，那么再详细到由哪一个方法来做，就没那么重要了，苹果的方法重载与 C++/Java 不太一样。但那仅仅是表面形式的不同，本质是一样的，都是 面向对象/基于对象 的那些基本特点：重载、多态、继承、封装，另一些原则。比方对改动封闭，对扩展开放。等等...!

接下来，24类看着也有点多。我再帮刚開始学习的人们扎腾扎腾，你就会发现，这些看似一堆 一堆 的东西，变得条理清晰。也没那么让人头疼了。

NSString 类參考

NSString Class Reference

继承自 Inherits from	NSObject
遵循的协议 Conforms to	NSCopying NSMutableCopying NSSecureCoding NSObject (NSObject)
所在框架 Framework	/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework
可用于的 iOS 版本号 Availability	Available in iOS 2.0 and later.
声明于头文件 Declared in	NSLinguisticTagger.h NSPathUtilities.h NSString.h NSURL.h
配套的开发指南 Companion guides	String Programming Guide Property List Programming Guide
相关的演示样例代码 Related sample code	AdvancedURLConnections AirDrop Examples BonjourWeb MVCNetworking TableView Fundamentals for iOS

1、创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing Strings

• + string
• – init
• – initWithBytes:length:encoding:
• – initWithBytesNoCopy:length:encoding:freeWhenDone:
• – initWithCharacters:length:
• – initWithCharactersNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone:
• – initWithString:
• – initWithCString:encoding:
• – initWithUTF8String:
• – initWithFormat:
• – initWithFormat:arguments:
• – initWithFormat:locale:
• – initWithFormat:locale:arguments:
• – initWithData:encoding:
• + stringWithFormat:
• + localizedStringWithFormat:
• + stringWithCharacters:length:
• + stringWithString:
• + stringWithCString:encoding:
• + stringWithUTF8String:
• + stringWithCString: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• + stringWithCString:length: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithCString: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithCString:length: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithCStringNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

2、从一个文件创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing a String from a File

• + stringWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfFile: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithContentsOfFile: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

3、从一个 URL 创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing a String from an URL

• + stringWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfURL: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithContentsOfURL: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

4、将字符串内容写到文件或 URL
Writing to a File or URL

• – writeToFile:atomically:encoding:error:
• – writeToURL:atomically:encoding:error:
• – writeToFile:atomically: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – writeToURL:atomically: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

5、获取字符串长度
Getting a String’s Length

• – length
• – lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:
• – maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:

6、获取字符和字节
Getting Characters and Bytes

• – characterAtIndex:
• – getCharacters:range:
• – getBytes:maxLength:usedLength:encoding:options:range:remainingRange:
• – getCharacters: Deprecated in iOS 4.0

7、获取 C 字符串
Getting C Strings

• – cStringUsingEncoding:
• – getCString:maxLength:encoding:
• – UTF8String
• – cString Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – cStringLength Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – getCString: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – getCString:maxLength: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – getCString:maxLength:range:remainingRange: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – lossyCString Deprecated in iOS 2.0

8、拼接字符串
Combining Strings

• – stringByAppendingFormat:
• – stringByAppendingString:
• – stringByPaddingToLength:withString:startingAtIndex:

9、拆分字符串
Dividing Strings

• – componentsSeparatedByString:
• – componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:
• – stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:
• – substringFromIndex:
• – substringWithRange:
• – substringToIndex:

10、查找字符和子字符串
Finding Characters and Substrings

• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:
• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:
• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:range:
• – rangeOfString:
• – rangeOfString:options:
• – rangeOfString:options:range:
• – rangeOfString:options:range:locale:
• – enumerateLinesUsingBlock:
• – enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:

11、替换字符串
Replacing Substrings

• – stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:
• – stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:
• – stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:withString:

12、确定行和段落的范围
Determining Line and Paragraph Ranges

• – getLineStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:
• – lineRangeForRange:
• – getParagraphStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:
• – paragraphRangeForRange:

13、确定组成字符的顺序*
Determining Composed Character Sequences

• – rangeOfComposedCharacterSequenceAtIndex:
• – rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:

14、将字符串内容转换成属性列表
Converting String Contents Into a Property List

• – propertyList
• – propertyListFromStringsFileFormat

15、识别和比較字符串
Identifying and Comparing Strings

• – caseInsensitiveCompare:
• – localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:
• – compare:
• – localizedCompare:
• – compare:options:
• – compare:options:range:
• – compare:options:range:locale:
• – localizedStandardCompare:
• – hasPrefix:
• – hasSuffix:
• – isEqualToString:
• – hash

16、拆叠字符串*
Folding Strings

• – stringByFoldingWithOptions:locale:

17、获取公共的前缀
Getting a Shared Prefix

• – commonPrefixWithString:options:

18、改变大写和小写
Changing Case

• – capitalizedString
• – capitalizedStringWithLocale:
• – lowercaseString
• – lowercaseStringWithLocale:
• – uppercaseString
• – uppercaseStringWithLocale:

19、使用映射获取多个字符串*
Getting Strings with Mapping

• – decomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
• – decomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping
• – precomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
• – precomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping

20、获取数字值
Getting Numeric Values

• – doubleValue
• – floatValue
• – intValue
• – integerValue
• – longLongValue
• – boolValue

21、处理字符编码
Working with Encodings

• + availableStringEncodings
• + defaultCStringEncoding
• + localizedNameOfStringEncoding:
• – canBeConvertedToEncoding:
• – dataUsingEncoding:
• – dataUsingEncoding:allowLossyConversion:
• – description
• – fastestEncoding
• – smallestEncoding

22、处理路径
Working with Paths

• + pathWithComponents:
• – pathComponents
• – completePathIntoString:caseSensitive:matchesIntoArray:filterTypes:
• – fileSystemRepresentation
• – getFileSystemRepresentation:maxLength:
• – isAbsolutePath
• – lastPathComponent
• – pathExtension
• – stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath
• – stringByAppendingPathComponent:
• – stringByAppendingPathExtension:
• – stringByDeletingLastPathComponent
• – stringByDeletingPathExtension
• – stringByExpandingTildeInPath
• – stringByResolvingSymlinksInPath
• – stringByStandardizingPath
• – stringsByAppendingPaths:

23、处理 URL
Working with URLs

• – stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
• – stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
• – stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:
• – stringByRemovingPercentEncoding

24、语言标记和分析*
Linguistic Tagging and Analysis

• – enumerateLinguisticTagsInRange:scheme:options:orthography:usingBlock:
• – linguisticTagsInRange:scheme:options:orthography:tokenRanges:

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