httpclient源码分析之MainClientExec

MainClientExec是HTTP请求处理链中最后一个请求执行环节,负责与另一终端的请求/响应交互,也是很重要的类。

源码版本是4.5.2,主要看execute方法,并在里面添加注释。接着详细说下获取连接的过程。

execute方法

    @Override
    public CloseableHttpResponse execute(
            final HttpRoute route,
            final HttpRequestWrapper request,
            final HttpClientContext context,
            final HttpExecutionAware execAware) throws IOException, HttpException {
        Args.notNull(route, "HTTP route");
        Args.notNull(request, "HTTP request");
        Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context");

        //Auth相关,这里没关注
        AuthState targetAuthState = context.getTargetAuthState();
        if (targetAuthState == null) {
            targetAuthState = new AuthState();
            context.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.TARGET_AUTH_STATE, targetAuthState);
        }
        AuthState proxyAuthState = context.getProxyAuthState();
        if (proxyAuthState == null) {
            proxyAuthState = new AuthState();
            context.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.PROXY_AUTH_STATE, proxyAuthState);
        }

        if (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) {
            RequestEntityProxy.enhance((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) request);
        }

        //userToken后面作为state,用来从连接池中获取连接的时候使用,默认是null。
        //如果设置了值,会设置到连接中,再次获取的时候,则优先取status相等的连接
        Object userToken = context.getUserToken();

        //ConnectionRequest用来获取HttpClientConnection
        //为每一个route设置一个连接池,大小可以配置,默认为2
        //从route连接池获取一个连接,优先取status等于userToken的。
        //这里没有实质的操作,只是创建一个ConnectionRequest,并将获取连接的操作封装在ConnectionRequest中。
        final ConnectionRequest connRequest = connManager.requestConnection(route, userToken);
        if (execAware != null) {
            if (execAware.isAborted()) {
                connRequest.cancel();
                throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted");
            } else {
                execAware.setCancellable(connRequest);
            }
        }

        final RequestConfig config = context.getRequestConfig();

        final HttpClientConnection managedConn;
        try {
            final int timeout = config.getConnectionRequestTimeout();

            //获取连接,这里才执行从连接池中阻塞获取连接的操作,并设置超时时间。
            //这里返回的connection,不一定是有效的socket连接,长短连接处理方式不同。
            //如果连接没有打开或者不可用,后面会重新建立socket连接。 
            managedConn = connRequest.get(timeout > 0 ? timeout : 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        } catch(final InterruptedException interrupted) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted", interrupted);
        } catch(final ExecutionException ex) {
            Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
            if (cause == null) {
                cause = ex;
            }
            throw new RequestAbortedException("Request execution failed", cause);
        }

        //将连接加入上下文中,暴露连接。 
        //context就是一个大容器,收藏各种东西,如果觉得有什么资源是需要在别的地方用到的,那就放入context吧。
        context.setAttribute(HttpCoreContext.HTTP_CONNECTION, managedConn);

        //是否检查连接的有效性。如果检查不可用,就关闭连接。对于关闭的连接,后面会从三次握手开始,重新建立socket连接。
        //如果配置检查,就相当于一个悲观锁,每次请求都会消耗最多30ms来检测,影响性能。4.4版本开始就过时了。
        if (config.isStaleConnectionCheckEnabled()) {
            // validate connection,首先判断连接是否是打开的
            if (managedConn.isOpen()) {
                this.log.debug("Stale connection check");
                //如果是打开的,进一步判断是否可用
                if (managedConn.isStale()) {
                    this.log.debug("Stale connection detected");
                    //不可用的时候,需要关闭连接,后面再重新建立连接
                    managedConn.close();
                }
            }
        }

        final ConnectionHolder connHolder = new ConnectionHolder(this.log, this.connManager, managedConn);
        try {
            if (execAware != null) {
                execAware.setCancellable(connHolder);
            }

            HttpResponse response;
            for (int execCount = 1;; execCount++) {

                //请求是否幂等的,如果不是,则不能retry,抛异常
                if (execCount > 1 && !RequestEntityProxy.isRepeatable(request)) {
                    throw new NonRepeatableRequestException("Cannot retry request " +
                            "with a non-repeatable request entity.");
                }

                if (execAware != null && execAware.isAborted()) {
                    throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted");
                }

                //如果连接没有打开,即连接使用的socket为null,则重新建立连接。    
                if (!managedConn.isOpen()) {
                    this.log.debug("Opening connection " + route);
                    try {
                        //建立socket连接。
                        //遍历地址集,成功建立socket连接,就返回,封装在connection中
                        establishRoute(proxyAuthState, managedConn, route, request, context);
                    } catch (final TunnelRefusedException ex) {
                        if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            this.log.debug(ex.getMessage());
                        }
                        response = ex.getResponse();
                        break;
                    }
                }
                final int timeout = config.getSocketTimeout();
                if (timeout >= 0) {
                    //设置socketTimeout
                    managedConn.setSocketTimeout(timeout);
                }

                if (execAware != null && execAware.isAborted()) {
                    throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted");
                }

                if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.log.debug("Executing request " + request.getRequestLine());
                }

                if (!request.containsHeader(AUTH.WWW_AUTH_RESP)) {
                    if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        this.log.debug("Target auth state: " + targetAuthState.getState());
                    }
                    this.authenticator.generateAuthResponse(request, targetAuthState, context);
                }
                if (!request.containsHeader(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP) && !route.isTunnelled()) {
                    if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        this.log.debug("Proxy auth state: " + proxyAuthState.getState());
                    }
                    this.authenticator.generateAuthResponse(request, proxyAuthState, context);
                }

                 //和服务器具体交互,发送请求头,如果有响应,再接收响应。   
                response = requestExecutor.execute(request, managedConn, context);

                //根据配置的策略,判断是否保持连接,永久还是一段时长
                // The connection is in or can be brought to a re-usable state.
                if (reuseStrategy.keepAlive(response, context)) {
                    // Set the idle duration of this connection
                    final long duration = keepAliveStrategy.getKeepAliveDuration(response, context);
                    if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        final String s;
                        if (duration > 0) {
                            s = "for " + duration + " " + TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
                        } else {
                            s = "indefinitely";
                        }
                        this.log.debug("Connection can be kept alive " + s);
                    }
                    connHolder.setValidFor(duration, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                    connHolder.markReusable();
                } else {
                    connHolder.markNonReusable();
                }

                //跳过
                if (needAuthentication(
                        targetAuthState, proxyAuthState, route, response, context)) {
                    // Make sure the response body is fully consumed, if present
                    final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                    if (connHolder.isReusable()) {
                        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                    } else {
                        managedConn.close();
                        if (proxyAuthState.getState() == AuthProtocolState.SUCCESS
                                && proxyAuthState.getAuthScheme() != null
                                && proxyAuthState.getAuthScheme().isConnectionBased()) {
                            this.log.debug("Resetting proxy auth state");
                            proxyAuthState.reset();
                        }
                        if (targetAuthState.getState() == AuthProtocolState.SUCCESS
                                && targetAuthState.getAuthScheme() != null
                                && targetAuthState.getAuthScheme().isConnectionBased()) {
                            this.log.debug("Resetting target auth state");
                            targetAuthState.reset();
                        }
                    }
                    // discard previous auth headers
                    final HttpRequest original = request.getOriginal();
                    if (!original.containsHeader(AUTH.WWW_AUTH_RESP)) {
                        request.removeHeaders(AUTH.WWW_AUTH_RESP);
                    }
                    if (!original.containsHeader(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP)) {
                        request.removeHeaders(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP);
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (userToken == null) {
                userToken = userTokenHandler.getUserToken(context);
                context.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.USER_TOKEN, userToken);
            }
            if (userToken != null) {
                connHolder.setState(userToken);
            }

            // check for entity, release connection if possible
            //判断是否读取了全部的响应,如果是,则释放连接回连接池,
            //否则,也要返回连接,以便后面继续从流中读取响应。
            final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity == null || !entity.isStreaming()) {
                // connection not needed and (assumed to be) in re-usable state
                connHolder.releaseConnection();
                return new HttpResponseProxy(response, null);
            } else {
                return new HttpResponseProxy(response, connHolder);
            }
        } catch (final ConnectionShutdownException ex) {
            final InterruptedIOException ioex = new InterruptedIOException(
                    "Connection has been shut down");
            ioex.initCause(ex);
            throw ioex;
        } catch (final HttpException ex) {
            connHolder.abortConnection();
            throw ex;
        } catch (final IOException ex) {
            connHolder.abortConnection();
            throw ex;
        } catch (final RuntimeException ex) {
            connHolder.abortConnection();
            throw ex;
        }
    }

总结一下关心的大致流程:

  • 创建连接请求
  • 根据连接请求的参数,从连接池中获取一个连接
  • 配置是否需要校验连接可用性。如果检查不可用,就关闭连接。
  • 如果连接没有打开,则创建一个底层的socket连接。
  • 发送请求头部(如果请求中带有entity,则发送)
  • 如果有响应,接收响应(先接收头部,如果有请求主体,则接收)

这里有一点注意一下:
检测连接有效性的时候,报的是SocketTimeOut异常,而真正读响应的时候,报的是Connection reset异常。为什么不一样呢?我还没找到方法验证,但这里很可能是检测的时间很短,只有1ms,首先触发了SocketTimeOut异常,而实际读响应的时候,是不会这么短时间的。

获取连接

接下来详细说说根据ConnectionRequest获取HttpClientConnection。即:
managedConn = connRequest.get(timeout > 0 ? timeout : 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

首先看ConnectionRequest为何物:

    //org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager

    @Override
    public ConnectionRequest requestConnection(
            final HttpRoute route,
            final Object state) {
        Args.notNull(route, "HTTP route");
        if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            this.log.debug("Connection request: " + format(route, state) + formatStats(route));
        }
        //从连接池中获取一个CPoolEntry(Connection的包装类)
        final Future<CPoolEntry> future = this.pool.lease(route, state, null);
        return new ConnectionRequest() {

            @Override
            public boolean cancel() {
                return future.cancel(true);
            }

            // ConnectionRequest的get方法。调用leaseConnection方法,并且传入future(CPoolEntry的封装(connection的封装))
            @Override
            public HttpClientConnection get(
                    final long timeout,
                    final TimeUnit tunit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, ConnectionPoolTimeoutException {
                return leaseConnection(future, timeout, tunit);
            }
        };
    }

所以,ConnectionRequest的get方法,实际是调用PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager的leaseConnection,返回一个HttpClientConnection。
关于获取connection的更多详细信息,可以参考这篇文章,详细讲述了PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager的获取连接给用户的方法。

补充

  • 关于config.isStaleConnectionCheckEnabled():
    如果设置每次请求检查连接是否可用,会影响性能。4.4版本开始过时,但官方推荐使用org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager#getValidateAfterInactivity()。详细了解看这篇最后补充的校验连接有效的方法,有一个案例分析。

  • 最后返回的HttpResponseProxy带上ConnectionHolder(响应没有一次读完),这篇文章有一个案例了解,查看成功日志的最后几个步骤。RestTemplate读取扩展字段,第二次读取数据。

另一篇关于此段源码的解读,见这里

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shoren/p/httpclient-MainClientExec.html