面向对象的JavaScript系列二，继承

1.原型链

function SuperType(){
    this.property = true;
}

SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){
    return this.property;
};

function SubType(){
    this.subproperty = false;
}

//inherit from SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
    return this.subproperty;
};

var instance = new SubType();
alert(instance.getSuperValue());   //true

// 原型链上查询，首先是function就是Object实例出来，然后SubType的prototype是SuperType的实例，最后是instance是SubType的实例。
alert(instance instanceof Object);      //true
alert(instance instanceof SuperType);   //true
alert(instance instanceof SubType);     //true

alert(Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance));    //true
alert(SuperType.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance)); //true
alert(SubType.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance));   //true

1.1原型链的问题（很少用这种方法来实际开发）

function SuperType(){
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

function SubType(){            
}

//inherit from SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

var instance1 = new SubType();
// 增加了black，导致原型属性也增加了black
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);    //"red,blue,green,black"

var instance2 = new SubType();
alert(instance2.colors);    //"red,blue,green,black"

2.借用构造函数（实际开发，也不会这么用）

function SuperType(name){
    this.name = name;
}

function SubType(){  
    //inherit from SuperType passing in an argument
    SuperType.call(this, "Nicholas");
    
    //instance property
    this.age = 29;
}

var instance = new SubType();
alert(instance.name);    //"Nicholas";
alert(instance.age);     //29

3.组合继承，将原型链和借用构造函数的技术组合起来，扬长避短

function SuperType(name){
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
};

function SubType(name, age){  
    SuperType.call(this, name);
    
    this.age = age;
}

SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){
    alert(this.age);
};

var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"
instance1.sayName();      //"Nicholas";
instance1.sayAge();       //29


var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green"
instance2.sayName();      //"Greg";
instance2.sayAge();       //27

4.原型式继承

function object(o){
    function F(){}
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}

var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};

var anotherPerson = object(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");

var yetAnotherPerson = object(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");

alert(person.friends);   //"Shelby,Court,Van,Rob,Barbie"

4.1原型式继承 ECMA5版本

var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};

var anotherPerson = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");

var yetAnotherPerson = Object.create(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");

alert(person.friends);   //"Shelby,Court,Van,Rob,Barbie"

5.寄生组合式继承（当前最佳实践）

function object(o){
    function F(){}
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}

function inheritPrototype(subType, superType){
    var prototype = object(superType.prototype);   //create object
    prototype.constructor = subType;               //augment object 如果不修复constructor，则指向SuperType
    subType.prototype = prototype;                 //assign object
}
                        
function SuperType(name){
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
};

function SubType(name, age){  
    SuperType.call(this, name);
    
    this.age = age;
}

inheritPrototype(SubType, SuperType);

SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){
    alert(this.age);
};

var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"
instance1.sayName();      //"Nicholas";
instance1.sayAge();       //29


var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green"
instance2.sayName();      //"Greg";
instance2.sayAge();       //27