Mysql主从复制也叫作Replication
1 他的原理
http://www.cnblogs.com/crazylqy/p/4065374.html
2 他的实现
这里有一个专题专门对mysql从历史到发展到架构，到mysql集群都有比较详细的介绍：http://www.cnblogs.com/crazylqy/category/625963.html
3 具体实现步骤
http://www.cnblogs.com/alvin_xp/p/4162249.html
4 遇到的问题
1）MySQL error code 1872 (ER_SLAVE_RLI_INIT_REPOSITORY): Slave failed to initialize relay log info structure from the repository
解决办法：重置从数据库连接，http://www.cnblogs.com/Bccd/p/5856716.html
5 详细的主数据库配置参考
[client]
port=5869
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port=5869
#basedir=D:/mysql-5.6.21-winx64
#datadir=D:/mysql-5.6.21-winx64/data
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine = MYISAM
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
log-bin-index=mysql-bin.index
server-id=11 #master的标示
read-only=0
binlog-do-db=xsmart_mssp_basedatacenter #同步数据库，可以复制写多个
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #忽略需要同步的数据库，可以复制写多个
log-slave-updates=1 #这个参数一定要加上，否则不会给更新的记录写入到二进制文件中
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
skip-external-locking #加上可以避免因资源锁引起MySQL服务停止
skip-name-resolve #加上可以避免因资源锁引起MySQL服务停止
max_connections=300
query_cache_size=186M
table_open_cache=1520
tmp_table_size=67M
thread_cache_size=38
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
myisam_sort_buffer_size=67M
key_buffer_size=290M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=80M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
#innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
#innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
#innodb_log_file_size=1024M
#innodb_thread_concurrency=18
#innodb_support_xa = 1
#innodb_file_per_table = 1
#innodb_file_format = Barracuda
#interactive_timeout = 2147482
#wait_timeout = 2147482
interactive_timeout = 86400
wait_timeout = 86400
max_allowed_packet = 1G
# binlog
#log_bin = D:/mysql-5.6.21-winx64/log/binlog/mysql-bin.log
#log_bin_index = D:/mysql-5.6.21-winx64/log/binlog/mysql-bin.index
#log_error = D:/mysql-5.6.21-winx64/log/mysql-error.log
sync_binlog = 1
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_format = MIXED
[mysqldump]
max_allowed_packet = 1G
6 主数据库执行的语句参考
CREATE USER repl; `创建一个主从复制的数据库用户,rel
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.50.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql';'为这个用户赋权限，且他的密码为mysql
SHOW MASTER STATUS;'显示主数据库主从复制运行状态
7 从数据库执行语句参考
STOP SLAVE;‘停止与主数据库连接
RESET SLAVE ALL;'重置与主数据库连接
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.50.192',
MASTER_PORT=5869,
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',
MASTER_LOG_POS=5750;
START SLAVE;'启动与主数据库连接并开始主从复制
SHOW SLAVE STATUS;’查看主从复制运行状态，当看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都为Yes的时候，证明同步成功，否则就看sql执行错误日志