基本库使用(urllib,requests)

urllib(request,error,parse,robotparse)

  request模块

    方法:urlopen()    {read(),readinto(),getheader(name),getheaders(),fileno()等方法,  msg,status,reason,debuglevel,closed 等属性}

       最基本http请求方法,利用它可以模拟浏览器的一个请求发起过程,同时他还带有助力授权验证authentication,重定向redirection,浏览器cookie 以及其他内容。

import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen("https://www.baidu.com")
print(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
print(type(response))



--->>>
<html>
<head>
    <script>
        location.replace(location.href.replace("https://","http://"));
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <noscript><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=http://www.baidu.com/"></noscript>
</body>
</html>


<class 'http.client.HTTPResponse'>
urlopen()
import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen("https://www.baidu.com")
print(response.getheaders())
print(response.getheader("server"))
print(response.status)

   data 参数(post 请求    get请求没有data )

import urllib.parse
import urllib.request


data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({"word": 'hello'}), encoding="utf-8")
response = urllib.request.urlopen("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data)
print(response.read())



---》
b'{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "word": "hello"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "identity", 
    "Content-Length": "10", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Python-urllib/3.6"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "60.218.161.81, 60.218.161.81", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}
'

    timeout 参数    用于设置超时时间,单位为秒,(通常设置这个超市模块  用来控制一个网页响应时间 如果长时间未响应  就会报错    异常处理跳过它的抓取)

    

import urllib.parse
import urllib.request, urllib.error
import socket


try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen("httpS://httpbin.org/get",timeout=0.1)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    if isinstance(e.reason,socket.timeout):
        print('TIME OUT')

·     Request 方法 (在urlopen 的技术处上可以增加 headers={}等信息)

      urllib.request(url,data,headers={},origin_req_host=NONE,unverifiable=Flase,method=NONE)

        

from urllib import request, parse

url = "https://www.taobao.com/post"
headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'}
dict = {'name':'word'}
data= bytes(parse.urlencode(dict),encoding="utf-8")  //((需要转成字节流)
req = request.Request(url =url,data=data,headers=headers,method='POST')    //(psot 一定要大写)
response=request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))



也可以:
req = request.request(url =url,data=data,method='POST')
req.add_header('user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36')
 

        高级用法:

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qj696/p/12200653.html