ActiveMQ C#实例

重点参考:NMS Documentation

一、ActiveMQ Queue

在ActiveMQ中Queue是一种点对点的消息分发方式,生产者在队列中添加一条消息,然后消费者消费一条消息,这条消息保证送达并且只会被一个消费者接收

生产者

  class ActiveMQSend
    {
        // Example connection strings:
        //    activemq:tcp://activemqhost:61616    //localhost
        //    stomp:tcp://activemqhost:61613
        //    ems:tcp://tibcohost:7222
        //    msmq://localhost

        string activemqIP = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["activemqIP"];
        string SendQueue = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SendQueue"];
        HyExcel.ExcelHelper helper = new HyExcel.ExcelHelper();

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息到队列
        /// </summary>
        public void Send(string sendmessage)
        {
            try
            {
                Uri connecturi = new Uri(activemqIP);

                // NOTE: ensure the nmsprovider-activemq.config file exists in the executable folder.
                IConnectionFactory factory = new NMSConnectionFactory(connecturi);
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
                {
                    //Defaults to queue if type is not specified:
                    IDestination sendDestination = SessionUtil.GetDestination(session, SendQueue);  //发送目的地

                    // Create a consumer and producer
                    using (IMessageProducer producer = session.CreateProducer(sendDestination))
                    {
                        // Start the connection so that messages will be processed.
                        connection.ExceptionListener += Connection_ExceptionListener; ;
                        connection.Start();

                        producer.DeliveryMode = MsgDeliveryMode.Persistent; //消息持久化(到本地文件),消费者可以随时取到数据,而未持久化的发送数据在activemq服务重启之后数据是会清掉的。

                        // Send a message
                        ITextMessage request = session.CreateTextMessage(sendmessage);
                        request.NMSCorrelationID = "abc";
                        request.Properties["NMSXGroupID"] = "cheese";
                        request.Properties["myHeader"] = "Cheddar";
                        producer.Send(request);


                        string fullPath = Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss") + ".txt";
                        helper.WriteFile(fullPath, "云端同步数据:" + sendmessage);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                string fullPath = Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss") + ".txt";
                helper.WriteFile(fullPath, ex.Message);
            }
        }

        private void Connection_ExceptionListener(Exception exception)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("生产者发生异常:{0}", exception);
        }
    }
View Code

消费者

class ActiveMQReceive
    {
        public static void CloudSyncThread(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(threadName + "开始工作!");
            IConnection connection = null;
            try
            {
                string activemqIP = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["cloudConsumerip"];
                Uri connecturi = new Uri(activemqIP);
                // NOTE: ensure the nmsprovider-activemq.config file exists in the executable folder.
                //IConnectionFactory factory = new NMSConnectionFactory(connecturi);
                IConnectionFactory factory = new NetTxConnectionFactory(connecturi); //可以支持failover:tcp://
                connection = factory.CreateConnection();
                ISession session = connection.CreateSession();
                //接收源地址
                IDestination receiveSource = SessionUtil.GetDestination(session, "CLOUND_SYNC");
                // Create a consumer and producer
                using (IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(receiveSource))
                {
                    // Start the connection so that messages will be processed.

                    connection.Start();
                    while (true)
                    {
                        //消费者一直在,若队列没有消息,会阻塞,不返回
                        ITextMessage revMessage = consumer.Receive() as ITextMessage;

                        //超过这个时间,队列里没有消息,则会返回null
                        //ITextMessage revMessage = consumer.Receive(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30)) as ITextMessage; 

                        if (revMessage == null)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("接收数据" + "No message received!");
                            continue;
                            //break;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Received message:" + revMessage.NMSCorrelationID + "+" + revMessage.Text);
                            Console.WriteLine(revMessage.Text);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (connection != null)
                {
                    connection.Close();
                }
            }
        }


    }
View Code

以上是消费者的同步消费数据,也可以改为异步

public class TestMain
{
    protected static AutoResetEvent semaphore = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    protected static ITextMessage message = null;
    protected static TimeSpan receiveTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Example connection strings:
        //    activemq:tcp://activemqhost:61616
        //    stomp:tcp://activemqhost:61613
        //    ems:tcp://tibcohost:7222
        //    msmq://localhost

        Uri connecturi = new Uri("activemq:tcp://activemqhost:61616");

        Console.WriteLine("About to connect to " + connecturi);

        // NOTE: ensure the nmsprovider-activemq.config file exists in the executable folder.
        IConnectionFactory factory = new NMSConnectionFactory(connecturi);

        using(IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
        using(ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
        {
           
            IDestination destination = SessionUtil.GetDestination(session, "queue://FOO.BAR");

            Console.WriteLine("Using destination: " + destination);

            // Create a consumer and producer
            using(IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(destination))
            using(IMessageProducer producer = session.CreateProducer(destination))
            {
                // Start the connection so that messages will be processed.
                connection.Start();
        producer.DeliveryMode = MsgDeliveryMode.Persistent;
                producer.RequestTimeout = receiveTimeout;

                consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(OnMessage);

                // Send a message
                ITextMessage request = session.CreateTextMessage("Hello World!");
                request.NMSCorrelationID = "abc";
                request.Properties["NMSXGroupID"] = "cheese";
                request.Properties["myHeader"] = "Cheddar";

                producer.Send(request);

                // Wait for the message
                semaphore.WaitOne((int) receiveTimeout.TotalMilliseconds, true);

                if(message == null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("No message received!");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Received message with ID:   " + message.NMSMessageId);
                    Console.WriteLine("Received message with text: " + message.Text);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    protected static void OnMessage(IMessage receivedMsg)
    {
        message = receivedMsg as ITextMessage;
        semaphore.Set();
    }
}
View Code

二、ActiveMQ Topic

Topic和Queue类似,不过生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者接收,保证每个订阅的消费者都会接收到消息。

管理平台可以看到每条Topic消息有两个记录值,一个是订阅的消费者数量,一个是已经接收的消费者数量。

发布者

 class ActiveMQPub
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 发布消息
        /// </summary>
        public static void Pub()
        {
            try
            {
                //Create the Connection Factory  
                IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                {
                    //Create the Session  
                    using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
                    {
                        IDestination sendDestination = SessionUtil.GetTopic(session, "testingTopic");  //发送目的地
                        //Create the Producer for the topic/queue  
                        IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer(sendDestination);

                        //Send Messages  
                        int i = 0;
                        while (!Console.KeyAvailable)
                        {
                            ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage();
                            msg.Text = i.ToString();
                            Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString());
                            prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);

                            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
                            i++;
                        }
                    }
                }
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
            catch (System.Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}", e.Message);
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }
View Code

订阅者

class ActiveMQSub
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 订阅者。可以启动多个实例,从启动时开始接受消息的,之前发布者发布的的消息是获取不到的。
        /// </summary>
        public static void Sub()
        {
            try
            {
                //Create the Connection factory  
                IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");

                //Create the connection  
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                {
                    connection.ClientId = "testing time=" + DateTime.Now.ToString(); //区分不同的客户端(订阅者)
                    connection.Start();

                    //Create the Session  
                    using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
                    {
                        IDestination sendDestination = SessionUtil.GetTopic(session, "testingTopic");  //发送目的地
                        //Create the Consumer  
                        IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(sendDestination);

                        consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener);

                        Console.ReadLine();
                    }
                    connection.Stop();
                    connection.Close();
                }
            }
            catch (System.Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }

        static void consumer_Listener(IMessage message)
        {
            try
            {
                ITextMessage msg = (ITextMessage)message;
                Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + msg.Text);
            }
            catch (System.Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }

    }
View Code

三、消息的持久性

为了避免意外宕机以后丢失信息,需要做到重启后可以恢复消息队列,消息传输一般都会采用持久化机制。

ActiveMQ的消息持久化机制有JDBC,AMQ,KahaDB和LevelDB,无论使用哪种持久化方式,消息的存储逻辑都是一致的:

就是在发送者将消息发送出去后,消息中心首先将消息存储到本地数据文件、内存数据库或者远程数据库等,然后试图将消息发送给接收者,发送成功则将消息从存储中删除,失败则继续尝试。

消息中心启动以后首先要检查指定的存储位置,如果有未发送成功的消息,则需要把消息发送出去

持久化机制

ActiveMQ默认采用持久化到文件机制(kahaDB),只要在发消息时设置消息为持久化就可以了。

打开安装目录下的配置文件:

D:ActiveMQapache-activemqconfactivemq.xml在约80行会发现默认的配置项:

<persistenceAdapter>
     <kahaDB directory="${activemq.data}/kahadb"/>
</persistenceAdapter>

注意这里使用的是kahaDB,是一个基于文件支持事务的消息存储器,是一个可靠,高性能,可扩展的消息存储器

他的设计初衷就是使用简单并尽可能的快。KahaDB的索引使用一个transaction log,并且所有的destination只使用一个index,有人测试表明:如果用于生产环境,支持1万个active connection,每个connection有一个独立的queue。该表现已经足矣应付大部分的需求。

然后再发送消息的时候改变第二个参数为:

MsgDeliveryMode.Persistent

Message保存方式有2种
0:PERSISTENT:【默认就是持久化的】保存到磁盘,consumer消费之后,message被删除。
1:NON_PERSISTENT:保存到内存,消费之后message被清除。
注意:堆积的消息太多可能导致内存溢出。

更多参考:ActiveMQ的消息持久化机制

使用Queue时

使用queue,即队列时,每个消息只有一个消费者,所以,持久化很简单,只要保存到数据库即可然后,随便一个消费者取走处理即可。某个消费者关掉一阵子,也无所谓。

producer.DeliveryMode = MsgDeliveryMode.Persistent;  //不过这个是默认的,不设置也可以

使用Topic时

使用topic,即订阅时,每个消息可以有多个消费者,就麻烦一些。

对于topic的消息,有两种订阅类型:Durable Subscribers 和 NonDurable Subscribers

一般的订阅,订阅者必须时刻处于活跃状态,才不会遗漏任何信息;持久性订阅,当订阅者处于非活动状态时,代理会为它们保留信息,下一次连接之后推送给它们。

特点:

  • 持久订阅者和非持久订阅者针对的Domain是Pub/Sub,而不是P2P
  • 当Broker发送消息给订阅者时,如果订阅者处于 inactive (离线)状态:持久订阅者可以收到消息,而非持久订阅者则收不到消息。

当持久订阅者处于 inactive 状态时,Broker需要为持久订阅者保存消息;会造成的影响是:如果持久订阅者订阅的消息太多则会溢出。(当消息投递成功之后,Broker就可以把消息删除了)

持久性订阅需要:
  1. 为Connection指定一个唯一的ClientID
    - 在这里,Connection有客户端的含义
    - ClientID的变化,将被视为不同的客户端
  2. 创建Subscriber时,指定一个name
    - name的变化,将被视为不同的订阅者

订阅端代码:

//Create the Connection factory  
                IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");

                //Create the connection  
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                {
                    string clientName = "testing time";
                    connection.ClientId = clientName; //区分不同的客户端(订阅者)。持久订阅需要设置这个。
                    connection.Start();

                    //Create the Session  
                    using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession(AcknowledgementMode.AutoAcknowledge))
                    {
                        //IDestination sendDestination = SessionUtil.GetTopic(session, "testingTopic");  //发送目的地
                        //Create the Consumer  
                        //IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(sendDestination); //普通订阅

                        ITopic topic = SessionUtil.GetTopic(session, "testingTopic");  //发送目的地
                        IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateDurableConsumer(topic, clientName,null,false); //持久化订阅

                        consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener);

                        Console.ReadLine();
                    }
                    connection.Stop();
                    connection.Close();
                }
View Code

CreateDurableConsumer 创建持久化订阅者,根据ClientId 去区分不同的客户端。

关闭订阅者,再从新开启,之前的信息同样可以获取到。

注意:使用相同的“clientID”,则认为是同一个消费者。两个程序使用相同的“clientID”,则同时只能有一个连接到activemq,第二个连接的会报错

参考:如何实现ActiveMq的Topic的持久订阅 

四、ActiveMQ-类型转换问题

protected static void OnMessage(IMessage receivedMsg)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(receivedMsg);
            message = receivedMsg as ITextMessage;
            semaphore.Set();
        }

receivedMsg是有值的,然而转成ItextMessage后,message为null了。

调试发现receivedMsg的类型不是ItextMessage ,而是ActiveMQBytesMessage。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/peterYong/p/11162548.html