10-9
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
vector<int> a,b,c;
int main(){
int i;
for (i=1;i<=10;i++) a.push_back(i);
for (i=1;i<=10;i++) b.push_back(i);
for (i=1;i<=10;i++) c.push_back(i);
swap(a[0],a[1]);
printf("swap(a[1],a[2])
");
for (i=0;i<a.size();i++) printf("%d ",a[i]);
printf("
");
iter_swap(b.begin(),b.begin()+1);
printf("iter_swap(b.begin(),b.begin()+1)
");
for (i=0;i<a.size();i++) printf("%d ",b[i]);
printf("
");
swap_ranges(c.begin(),c.begin()+2,c.begin()+5);
printf("swap_ranges(c.begin(),c.begin()+2,c.begin()+5)
");
for (i=0;i<a.size();i++) printf("%d ",c[i]);
printf("
");
}
通过比较可以发现，swap和iter_swap都是交换两个元素，只不过这两者的参数不同。swap的参数为两个需要交换的元素。而iter_swap为元素的两个迭代器。而swap_ranges的作用是指定长度的整段交换。
12.4
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Exception{
public :
Exception (const string &message):message(message){
}
const string &getmessage() const {return message;}
string message;
};
class OutOfMemory:public Exception{
public :
OutOfMemory(int k):Exception("Memory Limit Exceeded"){
size=k;pan();
}
void pan()throw (Exception){
if (size>5) throw(*this);
}
int size;
};
class RangeError:public Exception{
public :
RangeError (int k):Exception("Range Error"){
sum=k;pan();
}
void pan()throw (Exception){
if (sum>100||sum<0) throw(*this);
}
int sum;
};
int main(){
int n,x,i;
while(cin>>n){
try{
OutOfMemory tt(n);
for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
cin>>x;
RangeError ff(x);
}
}
catch (Exception& e){
cout<<e.getmessage()<<endl;
}
}
}
限定内存大小为5个int，元素大小为0~100
