java中json解析，xml解析

抓取网页内容，会返回json或者xml(html)格式的数据。

为了方便的对上述两种格式的数据进行解析，可采用解析工具。

JsonPath

https://github.com/jayway/JsonPath

JsonPath表达式可以使用类似XPath表达式的方式，去描述JSON数据格式，XPath表达式，经常在XML格式文档中使用。在JsonPath中的根元素，不论他是对象还是数组，都用“$”表示。

Operators

Operator	Description
`$`	The root element to query. This starts all path expressions.
`@`	The current node being processed by a filter predicate.
`*`	Wildcard. Available anywhere a name or numeric are required.
`..`	Deep scan. Available anywhere a name is required.
`.<name>`	Dot-notated child
`['<name>' (, '<name>')]`	Bracket-notated child or children
`[<number> (, <number>)]`	Array index or indexes
`[start:end]`	Array slice operator
`[?(<expression>)]`	Filter expression. Expression must evaluate to a boolean value.

Path Examples

Given the json

{
    "store": {
        "book": [
            {
                "category": "reference",
                "author": "Nigel Rees",
                "title": "Sayings of the Century",
                "price": 8.95
            },
            {
                "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
                "title": "Sword of Honour",
                "price": 12.99
            },
            {
                "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Herman Melville",
                "title": "Moby Dick",
                "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
                "price": 8.99
            },
            {
                "category": "fiction",
                "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
                "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
                "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
                "price": 22.99
            }
        ],
        "bicycle": {
            "color": "red",
            "price": 19.95
        }
    },
    "expensive": 10
}

JsonPath (click link to try)	Result
$.store.book[*].author	The authors of all books
$..author	All authors
$.store.*	All things, both books and bicycles
$.store..price	The price of everything
$..book[2]	The third book
$..book[0,1]	The first two books
$..book[:2]	All books from index 0 (inclusive) until index 2 (exclusive)
$..book[1:2]	All books from index 1 (inclusive) until index 2 (exclusive)
$..book[-2:]	Last two books
$..book[2:]	Book number two from tail
$..book[?(@.isbn)]	All books with an ISBN number
$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)]	All books in store cheaper than 10
$..book[?(@.price <= $['expensive'])]	All books in store that are not "expensive"
$..book[?(@.author =~ /.*REES/i)]	All books matching regex (ignore case)
$..*	Give me every thing
$..book.length()	The number of books

Jsoup、XPath

https://jsoup.org/

在使用Jsoup时，可使用类似jquery选择器表达式的方式，描述html，非常方便。如果要用jsoup解析xml，需要在读取时，增加parser

Document doc = Jsoup.parse(xmlString, "", Parser.xmlParser());

具体的选择器语法，可参考 https://jsoup.org/apidocs/org/jsoup/select/Selector.html

如果依然想使用XPath去解析xml文件，XPath（javax中有）。http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=OHzj7ei5c8hVMl1dLjkTg8gWlCGhNh1ZAiYinu7Nx17lUwlsAK5duK3dL741nft_Qevjhpfz0MZzfryKr0tLO_

下面列出了最有用的路径表达式：

表达式	描述
nodename	选取此节点的所有子节点。
/	从根节点选取。
//	从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点，而不考虑它们的位置。
.	选取当前节点。
..	选取当前节点的父节点。
@	选取属性。

在下面的表格中，我们已列出了一些路径表达式以及表达式的结果：

路径表达式	结果
bookstore	选取 bookstore 元素的所有子节点。
/bookstore	选取根元素 bookstore。注释：假如路径起始于正斜杠( / )，则此路径始终代表到某元素的绝对路径！
bookstore/book	选取属于 bookstore 的子元素的所有 book 元素。
//book	选取所有 book 子元素，而不管它们在文档中的位置。
bookstore//book	选择属于 bookstore 元素的后代的所有 book 元素，而不管它们位于 bookstore 之下的什么位置。
//@lang	选取名为 lang 的所有属性。