requests库简单介绍与使用

一、安装

pip3 install requests

二、作用

　　和urllib是同一个位置的，模拟浏览器发送请求，比urllib操作起来更为简单，比如无需手动为url添加查询字符，也不需要对post数据进行表单编码等。

三、使用

1、发送get请求

（1）响应对象

a、r.text  字符串形式查看响应内容

b、r.content  字节类型查看响应内容

c、r.encoding  查看或者设置编码类型

d、r.status_code  查看状态码

e、r.headers  查看头部

f、r.url  查看所请求的url

g、r.json()  查看json格式的数据

（2）代码演示

#!/usr/local/bin/python3.7

import requests

# url
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
# 请求头
headers = {
     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36'
     }
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
# 将编码格式转换为utf-8
r.encoding = 'utf-8'
print(r.text)

# 带参数的get请求
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s'
data = {
    'ie':'utf-8',
    'wd':'中国',
}
# 发送请求
r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, params=data)
r.encoding='utf-8'
print(r.text)

2、发送post请求

#!/usr/local/bin/python3.7

import requests
import ssl

# 请求url
url = 'https://cn.bing.com/tlookupv3?isVertical=1&&IG=1E1AE90B09BB41E28506E0ADC9E45704&IID=translator.5028.2'
# 请求头
headers = {
     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36'
     }
# 请求formdata
formdata = {
    'from': 'en',
    'to': 'zh-Hans',
    'text': 'cat'
}
# 发送请求
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=formdata)
print(r.json())

3、代理

#!/usr/local/bin/python3.7

import requests

# url
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&wd=ip'
# 请求头
headers = {
     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36'
     }
# 设置代理
proxies = {
    'http':'http://171.43.258.176:30609'
}
# 发送请求
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)
with open('Reptile/daili.html','wb') as fp:
    fp.write(r.content)

6、cookie

#!/usr/local/bin/python3.7
import requests

# 创建session会话
s = requests.Session()
# 人人网登录演示
post_url = 'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&uniqueTimestamp=202053842806'
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.1 Safari/605.1.15'
    } 
# 请求参数
formdata = {
    'email':'1882744xxxx',
    'icode':'',    
    'origURL':'http://www.renren.com/home',
    'domain':'renren.com',
    'key_id':'1',
    'captcha_type':'web_login',
    'password':'32904758c29a901f87064f3aa151f9c373112ed66370fe9b28152f0ce63d3796',
    'rkey':'d6b3acc434f19c92fad1f33176e506f0',
    'f':'https%3A%2F%2Fbaidu.com%2F'
}
# 发送请求
r = s.post(post_url, headers=headers, data=formdata)
# print(r.text)

# 登录成功后访问个人中心页面
get_url = 'http://www.renren.com/974549125/profile'
# 发送get请求
rg = s.get(get_url, headers=headers)
print(rg.text)