最近开发一款软件需要用到获取系统文件的图标，在网上找了一下发现有以下方式获取：
1、调用API的方式获取
public class SystemIcon { /// <summary> /// 引用shell32文件的SHGetFileInfo API方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="pszPath">指定的文件名,如果为""则返回文件夹的</param> /// <param name="dwFileAttributes">文件属性</param> /// <param name="sfi">返回获得的文件信息,是一个记录类型</param> /// <param name="cbFileInfo">文件的类型名</param> /// <param name="uFlags">文件信息标识</param> /// <returns>-1失败</returns> [DllImport("shell32", EntryPoint = "SHGetFileInfo", ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] private static extern IntPtr SHGetFileInfo(string pszPath, FileAttribute dwFileAttributes, ref SHFileInfo sfi, uint cbFileInfo, SHFileInfoFlags uFlags); /// <summary> /// 返回系统设置的图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="lpszFile">文件名,指定从exe文件或dll文件引入icon</param> /// <param name="nIconIndex">文件的图表中的第几个,指定icon的索引如果为0则从指定的文件中引入第1个icon</param> /// <param name="phiconLarge">返回的大图标的指针,大图标句柄如果为null则为没有大图标</param> /// <param name="phiconSmall">返回的小图标的指针,小图标句柄如果为null则为没有小图标</param> /// <param name="nIcons">ico个数,找几个图标</param> /// <returns></returns [DllImport("shell32.dll")] public static extern uint ExtractIconEx(string lpszFile, int nIconIndex, int[] phiconLarge, int[] phiconSmall, uint nIcons); [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "DestroyIcon")] public static extern int DestroyIcon(IntPtr hIcon); /// <summary> /// 文件信息标识枚举类,所有枚举定义值前省略SHGFI投标，比如Icon 完整名称应为SHGFI_ICON /// </summary> [Flags] private enum SHFileInfoFlags : uint { /// <summary> /// 允许有叠加图案的文件图标，该标识必须和Icon同时使用 /// </summary> AddOveylays = 0x20, // SHGFI_AddOverlays = 0x000000020 /// <summary> /// 只获取由参数FileAttribute指定的文件信息，并将其写入SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性，如果不指定该标识，将同时获取所有文件信息。该标志不能和Icon标识同时使用 /// </summary> Attr_Specified = 0x20000, // SHGFI_SpecifiedAttributes = 0x000020000 /// <summary> /// 将获取的文件属性复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中 /// </summary> Attributes = 0x800, // SHGFI_Attributes = 0x000000800 /// <summary> /// 获取文件的显示名称（长文件名称），将其复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中 /// </summary> DisplayName = 0x200, // SHGFI_DisplayName = 0x000000200 /// <summary> /// 如果文件是可执行文件，将检索其信息，并将信息作为返回值返回 /// </summary> ExeType = 0x2000, // SHGFI_EXEType = 0x000002000 /// <summary> /// 获得图标和索引，将图标句柄返回到SHFileInfo结构的hIcon属性中，索引返回到iIcon属性中 /// </summary> Icon = 0x100, // SHGFI_Icon = 0x000000100 /// <summary> /// 检索包含图标的文件，并将文件名，图标句柄，图标索引号，放回到SHFileInfo结构中 /// </summary> IconLocation = 0x1000, // SHGFI_IconLocation = 0x000001000 /// <summary> /// 获得大图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用 /// </summary> LargeIcon = 0x0, // SHGFI_LargeIcon = 0x000000000 /// <summary> /// 获取链接覆盖文件图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。 /// </summary> LinkOverlay = 0x8000, // SHGFI_LinkOverlay = 0x000008000 /// <summary> /// 获取文件打开时的图标，该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用 /// </summary> OpenIcon = 0x2, // SHGFI_OpenIcon = 0x000000002 /// <summary> /// 获取链接覆盖文件图标索引，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。 /// </summary> OverlayIndex = 0x40, // SHGFI_OverlayIndex = 0x000000040 /// <summary> /// 指示传入的路径是一个ITEMIDLIST结构的文件地址而不是一个路径名。 /// </summary> Pidl = 0x8, // SHGFI_PIDL = 0x000000008 /// <summary> /// 获取系统的高亮显示图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。 /// </summary> Selected = 0x10000, // SHGFI_SelectedState = 0x000010000 /// <summary> /// 获取 Shell-sized icon ，该标志必须和Icon标识同时使用。 /// </summary> ShellIconSize = 0x4, // SHGFI_ShellIconSize = 0x000000004 /// <summary> /// 获得小图标，该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用。 /// </summary> SmallIcon = 0x1, // SHGFI_SmallIcon = 0x000000001 /// <summary> /// 获取系统图像列表图标索引，返回系统图像列表句柄 /// </summary> SysIconIndex = 0x4000, // SHGFI_SysIconIndex = 0x000004000 /// <summary> /// 获得文件类型，类型字符串被写入SHFileInfo结构的szTypeName属性中 /// </summary> TypeName = 0x400, // SHGFI_TypeName = 0x000000400 /// <summary> /// 指示如果由pszPath指定的路径不存在，SHGetFileInfo方法变不会试图去操作文件。指示返回与文件类型相关的信息。该标识不能和Attributes、ExeType和Pidl同时使用 /// </summary> UseFileAttributes = 0x10 // SHGFI_UserFileAttributes = 0x000000010, } /// <summary> /// 文件属性枚举 /// </summary> [Flags] private enum FileAttribute { ReadOnly = 0x00000001, Hidden = 0x00000002, System = 0x00000004, Directory = 0x00000010, //路径信息 Archive = 0x00000020, Device = 0x00000040, Normal = 0x00000080, //普通文件信息 Temporary = 0x00000100, Sparse_File = 0x00000200, Reparse_Point = 0x00000400, Compressed = 0x00000800, Offline = 0x00001000, Not_Content_Indexed = 0x00002000, Encrypted = 0x00004000 } /// <summary> /// 定义返回的文件信息结构 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private struct SHFileInfo { /// <summary> /// 文件的图标句柄 /// </summary> public IntPtr hIcon; /// <summary> /// 图标的系统索引号 /// </summary> public IntPtr iIcon; /// <summary> /// 文件的属性值,由FileAttribute指定的属性。 /// </summary> public uint dwAttributes; /// <summary> /// 文件的显示名,如果是64位系统，您可能需要制定SizeConst=258而非260才能够显示完整的 TypeName /// </summary> [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)] public string szDisplayName; /// <summary> /// 文件的类型名 /// </summary> [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 80)] public string szTypeName; } /// <summary> /// 当读取文件图标失败的默认图标索引号 /// </summary> public static readonly long ErrorFileIndex = -2; /// <summary> /// 当读取文件夹图标失败的默认图标索引号 /// </summary> public static readonly long ErrorFolderIndex = -4; /// <summary> /// 当读取磁盘驱动器图标失败的默认图标索引号 /// </summary> public static readonly long ErrorDriverIndex = -8; /// <summary> /// 当读取可执行文件图标失败的默认图标索引号 /// </summary> public static readonly long ErrorApplicationIndex = -16; /// <summary> /// 获取文件类型的关联图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径</param> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon) { long imageIndex; return GetFileIcon(fileName, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex); } /// <summary> /// 获取系统文件图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径,如果是一个exe可执行文件，请提供完整的文件名（包含路径信息）</param> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param> /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex) { imageIndex = ErrorFileIndex; if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName)) return null; SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo(); SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize; if (isSmallIcon) uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon; else uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon; FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(fileName); if (fi.Name.ToUpper().EndsWith(".EXE")) uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.ExeType; else uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes; int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags); //或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags); Icon icon = null; if (iTotal > 0) { icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon; imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64(); } DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源 return icon; } /// <summary> /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon) { long imageIndex; return GetFolderIcon(isSmallIcon, out imageIndex); } /// <summary> /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param> /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex) { return GetFolderIcon(Environment.SystemDirectory, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex); } /// <summary> /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="folderName">文件夹名称,如果想获取自定义文件夹图标，请指定完整的文件夹名称（如 F:\test)</param> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param> /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetFolderIcon(string folderName,bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex) { imageIndex = ErrorFolderIndex; if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName)) return null; SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo(); SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes; if (isSmallIcon) uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon; else uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon; int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(folderName, FileAttribute.Directory, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags); //或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo("", 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon); Icon icon = null; if (iTotal > 0) { icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon; imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64(); } DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源 return icon; } /// <summary> /// 获取磁盘驱动器图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号，如C、D、I等等，不区分大小写</param> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param> /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon) { long imageIndex; return GetDriverIcon(driverMark,isSmallIcon,out imageIndex); } /// <summary> /// 获取磁盘驱动器图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号，如C、D、I等等，不区分大小写</param> /// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param> /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex) { imageIndex = ErrorDriverIndex; //非有效盘符，返回封装的磁盘图标 if (driverMark < 'a' && driverMark > 'z' && driverMark < 'A' && driverMark > 'Z') { return null; } string driverName = driverMark.ToString().ToUpper() + ":\\"; SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo(); SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes; if (isSmallIcon) uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon; else uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon; int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags); //int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags); Icon icon = null; if (iTotal > 0) { icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon; imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64(); } DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源 return icon; } }
2、调用System.Drawing.Icon类的ExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)方法：返回指定文件中包含的图像的图标表示形式
这种方式其实也是封装了对系统的API调用，跟第一种方式差不多，不过这种方式只能获取到文件的图标，不能够获取到文件夹的图标，这个有点遗憾！
/// <summary> /// 获取文件图标 /// </summary> /// <param name="filePath">文件路径以及名称(文件全路径)</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetFileExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath) { Icon icon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(filePath); return icon; }
3、使用注册表调用API方式
/// <summary> /// 给出文件扩展名（.*），返回相应图标;若不以"."开头则返回文件夹的图标。 /// </summary> /// <param name="fileType">文件扩展名</param> /// <param name="isLarge">是否返回大图标</param> /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的图标对象</returns> public static Icon GetIconByFileType(string fileType, bool isLarge) { if (fileType == null || fileType.Equals(string.Empty)) return null; RegistryKey regVersion = null; string regFileType = null; string regIconString = null; string systemDirectory = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\"; if (fileType[0] == '.') { //读系统注册表中文件类型信息 regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(fileType, true); if (regVersion != null) { regFileType = regVersion.GetValue("") as string; regVersion.Close(); regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(regFileType + @"\DefaultIcon", true); if (regVersion != null) { regIconString = regVersion.GetValue("") as string; regVersion.Close(); } } if (regIconString == null) { //没有读取到文件类型注册信息，指定为未知文件类型的图标 regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,0"; } } else { //直接指定为文件夹图标 regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,3"; } string[] fileIcon = regIconString.Split(new char[] { ',' }); if (fileIcon.Length != 2) { //系统注册表中注册的标图不能直接提取，则返回可执行文件的通用图标 fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" }; } Icon resultIcon = null; try { //调用API方法读取图标 int[] phiconLarge = new int[1]; int[] phiconSmall = new int[1]; uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1); IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]); resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd); } catch { fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" }; //调用API方法读取图标 int[] phiconLarge = new int[1]; int[] phiconSmall = new int[1]; uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1); IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]); resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd); } return resultIcon; }
另外还可以使用第一种方式API的SHGetFileInfo方法获取文件类型描述
/// <summary> /// 获取指定文件的类型描述 /// </summary> /// <param name="fileName">文件名</param> /// <returns>返回文件所属类型的类型描述</returns> public static string GetTypeName(string fileName) { string typeName = GetTypeName(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes | SHFileInfoFlags.TypeName | SHFileInfoFlags.DisplayName); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName)) return ""; else return typeName.Trim(); } /// <summary> /// 获取文件类型 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">文件名</param> /// <param name="dwAttr">文件信息</param> /// <param name="dwFlag">信息控制字</param> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetTypeName(string path, FileAttribute dwAttr, SHFileInfoFlags dwFlag) { try { SHFileInfo fi = new SHFileInfo(); int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(path, dwAttr, ref fi, 0, dwFlag); if (iTotal > 0) { return fi.szTypeName; } else { return ""; } } catch { return ""; } }
另一种方式是使用注册表方式获取文件类型描述
/// <summary> /// 获取文件扩展名说明 /// </summary> /// <param name="ext"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetFileTypeDescription(string ext) { RegistryKey rKey = null; RegistryKey sKey = null; string FileType = ""; try { rKey = Registry.ClassesRoot; sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey(ext); if (sKey != null && (string)sKey.GetValue("", ext) != ext) { sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey((string)sKey.GetValue("", ext)); FileType = (string)sKey.GetValue(""); } else { FileType = ext.Substring(ext.LastIndexOf('.') + 1).ToUpper() + " File"; } return FileType; } finally { if (sKey != null) sKey.Close(); if (rKey != null) rKey.Close(); } }
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