Nginx简介
Nginx是一个基于c语言开发的高性能http服务器及反向代理服务器。
反向代理：反向代理就是后端服务不直接对外暴露,请求首先发送到nginx,然后nginx将请求转发到后端服务器,比如tomcat等.如果后端服务只有一台服务器,nginx在这里只有一个作用就是起到了代理后端服务接收请求的作用.称之为反向代理
负载均衡：在现实的应用场景中,一台后端服务器出现单点故障的概率很大或者单台机器的吞吐量有限,无法承担过多请求.这时候就需要在nginx后端配置多台服务器,利用nginx内置的规则讲请求转发到后端不同的机器上.这时候就起到了负载均衡的作用
Nginx简单命令
nginx安装：
1.配置：configure 2.编译：make 3.安装：make install 主：在linux下源码方式安装nginx，首先需要安装 gcc-c++编译器。然后安装nginx依赖的pcre和zlib包。最后安装nginx即可
查看帮助指令：nginx -h
root@wengxiongfei-dev02:/usr/share/nginx# /usr/sbin/nginx -h nginx version: nginx/1.14.2 Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives] Options: -?,-h : this help -v : show version and exit -V : show version and configure options then exit -t : test configuration and exit -T : test configuration, dump it and exit -q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing -s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload -p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/share/nginx/) -c filename : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf) -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
查看版本配置信息：nginx -V
root@dev02:/usr/share/nginx# /usr/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.14.2 built with OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2'
--with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fPIC' --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid
--modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --with-compat
--with-debug --with-pcre-jit --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_auth_request_module
--with-http_v2_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_slice_module --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic
--with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic
--with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module
--add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-u35_og/nginx-1.14.2/debian/modules/http-auth-pam
--add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-u35_og/nginx-1.14.2/debian/modules/http-dav-ext
--add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-u35_og/nginx-1.14.2/debian/modules/http-echo
--add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-u35_og/nginx-1.14.2/debian/modules/http-upstream-fair
--add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-u35_og/nginx-1.14.2/debian/modules/http-subs-filter
检测配置文件：nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
root@dev02:/etc/nginx# nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful