Python3.x：requests的用法

1，requests 比 urllib.request 容错能力更强；

2，通常用法：

（1）.认证、状态码、header、编码、json

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=('user', 'pass'))
r.status_code

r.headers['content-type']
输出：'application/json; charset=utf8'
r.encoding
输出：'utf-8'
r.text
输出：u'{"type":"User"...'
r.json()
输出：{u'private_gists': 419, u'total_private_repos': 77, ...}

（2）.发起请求

import requests
URL="http://www.bsdmap.com/"
#
r = requests.get(URL)
#
r = requests.post(URL)
#
r = requests.put(URL)
#
r = requests.delete(URL)
#
r = requests.head(URL)
#
r = requests.options(URL)

（3）.通过URL传递参数

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print r.url
输出：u'http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&amp;key1=value1'

（4）.返回内容

import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
r.text
输出：'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
r.encoding
输出：'utf-8'
r.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'

（5）.二进制内容

r.content
输出：b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...

from PIL import Image
from StringIO import StringIO
i = Image.open(StringIO(r.content))

（6）.JSON

import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
r.json()
输出：[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...

（7）.超时

requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001)

（8）.自定义header

import json
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}

r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)

官方文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/