8.31-使用vscode进行c/c++程序设计

前言

• 此处介绍使用vscode进行cpp程序设计，使用make进行构建，gdb进行调试
• 此次项目用于到PAT刷题
• 以后逐步地使用gTest 进行测试，valgrind 进行深度检查，log4cplus进行日志输出

目录

前言
目录
参考
学习记录
安装c/c++插件
文件准备
编写Makefile
编写c++配置文件c_cpp_properties.json
配置make任务
编写调试配置文件launch.json
使用流程

TOC

参考

how-do-i-set-up-vscode-to-compile-c-code
vscode c++ programming
vscode external tasks
gdb does't find sources
别人的完全配置日志

学习记录

安装c/c++插件

Ctrl+Shift+P
ext install cpp

文件准备

cd pat-basic
mkdir bin
mkdir include
mkdir src
touch Makefile
cd ./src
touch hello_world.cpp
touch 1035.cpp

编写Makefile

PROJECT := zs_pat_basic

# define files and directories
CXX_SRCS := $(shell find src/ -name "*.cpp")
HEADER_FILES := $(shell find include/ -name "*.h")
SRC_DIR := ./src
INCLUDE_DIR := ./include
BUILD_DIR := ./bin

# define debug options
DEBUG_OPTIONS := -g

# define build targets
.PHONY : all
all: $(BUILD_DIR)/hello_world 
        $(BUILD_DIR)/1035 
         $(BUILD_DIR)/1050 

$(BUILD_DIR)/% : $(SRC_DIR)/%.cpp
    $(CXX) -o $@ $(DEBUG_OPTIONS) -I$(INCLUDE_DIR) $<

.PHONY : clean 
clean : 
    rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)/* 

编写c++配置文件c_cpp_properties.json

• vscode自身配置文件全部在./.vscode/目录下，在vscode资源浏览器中可以看到
• 注意，刚刚对cpp文件进行编辑后，#include 这句话是有红色下划线警示的，提示找不到文件，这时使用鼠标悬浮功能，点击“红色灯泡”，vscode会自动在配置文件夹中新建c_cpp_properties.json文件，文件内容如下

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Mac",
            "includePath": ["/usr/include"],
            "browse" : {
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders" : true,
                "databaseFilename" : ""
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": ["/usr/include"],
            "browse" : {
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders" : true,
                "databaseFilename" : ""
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": ["c:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/include"],
            "browse" : {
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders" : true,
                "databaseFilename" : ""
            }
        }
    ],
    "clang_format" : {
        "style" : "file",
        "fallback-style" : "LLVM",
        "sort-includes" : false
    }
}

配置make任务

• vscode没有内置make功能，需要借助Task功能进行配置
• Ctrl+shift+P 进入命令模式，键入tasks: Configure Task Runner，此时vscode自动生成task.json文件，编写内容如下

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "command": "make",
    "isShellCommand": true,
    "tasks": [
        {
            "taskName": "Makefile",
            // Make this the default build command.
            "isBuildCommand": true,
            // Show the output window only if unrecognized errors occur.
            "showOutput": "always",
            // No args
            "args": ["all"],
            // Use the standard less compilation problem matcher.
            // zs: The problem matcher is for gcc task, not for make.
            "problemMatcher": {
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation": ["relative", "${workspaceRoot}"],
                "pattern": {
                    "regexp": "^(.*):(\d+):(\d+):\s+(warning|error):\s+(.*)$",
                    "file": 1,
                    "line": 2,
                    "column": 3,
                    "severity": 4,
                    "message": 5
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

编写调试配置文件launch.json

• 同样，vscode也需要自己定义调试相关选项
• 点击左侧工具栏”Debug“，点击”齿轮“按钮，此时vscode自动生成launch.json文件，编写内容如下

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "C++ Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "targetArchitecture": "x64",
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/bin/hello_world",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "linux": {
                "MIMode": "gdb"
            },
            "osx": {
                "MIMode": "lldb"
            },
            "windows": {
                "MIMode": "gdb"
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "C++ Attach",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "targetArchitecture": "x64",
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/bin/hello_world",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "environment": [],
            "processId": "${command.pickProcess}",
            "externalConsole": false,
            "linux": {
                "MIMode": "gdb"
            },
            "osx": {
                "MIMode": "lldb"
            },
            "windows": {
                "MIMode": "gdb"
            }
        }
    ]
}

使用流程

• 编写hello_world.cpp文件
• 设置断点
• Ctrl+shift+B进行make
• 点击左侧工具栏”调试“按钮进入调试工具区，点击绿色开始运行按钮，即可开始调试