python语法入门——流程控制

流程控制即控制程序的执行流程

程序的执行流程分为三种结构:1、顺序结构 

              2、分支结构(if语句)

              3、循环结构(while、for语句)

分支结构,if:主要用于判断事物对错,是否可行。

语法结构:

if 条件1:
    代码块1
    ...
elif 条件2:
    代码块2
elif 条件3:
    代码块3
......
else:
    代码块n

if...elif...else:同一个代码结构里只会执行一个,例如执行if就不会执行elif和else。

案例1:

gender = 'female'
age = 18
is_beauty = True
if gender =='female' and 16 < age < 26 and is_beauty:
    print('Wow')
elif 16 < age < 36 and is_beauty:
    print('Hah')
else:
    print('Emm..')

案例2 模拟认证功能:1、接收用户的输入

          2、判断用户的输入结果  

          3、返回数据

username = 'Bill'
password = '123'
inp_username = input('input your username:')
inp_password = input('input your password:')
if inp_username == username and inp_password == password:
    print('登录成功')
elseprint('登录失败')

if嵌套:

gender = 'female'
age = 18
is_beauty = True
is_success = True
if gender =='female' and 16 < age < 26 and is_beauty:
    print('Wow')
    if is_success:
        print('date')
    else:
        print('gun')
elif 16 < age < 36 and is_beauty:
    print('Hah')
else:
    print('Emm..')

循环结构,while 语法结构:

      while 条件:

        代码块

while中可加break、continue、else:

  break:结束当层循环

  continue:跳过本次循环,执行下一次循环;Continue下不管有多少代码都不会执行

  else:当while循环正常执行结束时就会执行else的代码块(可以用来检查循环是否正常)

案例:给登录功能设置错误登录上限

username = 'Bill'
password = '123'
count = 0
while count < 3:
inp_username = input('input your username:')
inp_password = input('input your password:')
if inp_username == username and inp_password == password:
print('登录成功')
break # 若不加break 登录成功后会再一次循环
else:
print('登录失败')
count += 1

while循环嵌套:

username = 'Bill'
password = '123'
count = 0
while count < 3:
    inp_username = input('input your username:')
    inp_password = input('input your password:')
    if inp_username == username and inp_password == password:
        print('登录成功')
        while True:
            cmd = input('执行命令')
            if cmd == 'exit':
                break
            else:
                print('run<%s>' % cmd)
        break  # 若不加break 登录成功后会再一次循环
    else:
        print('登录失败')
        count += 1
     if count == 3:
       print('locked')
       break

while循环嵌套+tag:

username = 'Bill'
password = '123'
count = 0
tag = True
while tag:
    inp_username = input('input your username:')
    inp_password = input('input your password:')
    if inp_username == username and inp_password == password:
        print('登录成功')
        while tag:
            cmd = input('执行命令')
            if cmd == 'exit':
                tag = False
                break
            print('run<%s>' % cmd)
    else:
        print('登录失败')
        count += 1
        if count == 3:
            print('locked')
            break

while嵌套+continue

Num = 11
while Num > 1:
    Num-=1
    if Num%7 == 0:
        continue# 结束本次循环,本次循环continue之后的代码都不运行,直接进入下一次循环
    print(Num)

while+else

count = 0
while count < 10:
    count+=1
    print('Loop',count)
else:
    print('撸完了')
print('out of while loop'.center(30,'*'))
# 当while循环执行完成并且没有被break语句中断时,就会执行else后的语句,可以用else语句来验证while循环正常结束。
count = 0
while count < 10:
    count+=1
    if count == 5:
        break               # 如果执行中被break,则不会进行else语句
    print('Loop',count)
else:
    print('撸完啦')
print('out of while loop'.center(30,'*'))

for循环:

  for 变量名 in 容器类型(可迭代对象)

    代码1

    代码2

    ...

break、continue、else也能用于for循环,使用语法同while循环。

案例:

List = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
for Num in List:
    print(Num)

Dict = {'name':'Bill','age':25,'sex':'male'}
for info in Dict:
    print(info)  # 遍历字典

for循环嵌套:

for i in range(3):
    for j in range(5):
        print('*', end='')
    print()

案例,乘法表:

for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, i+1):
        print(f'{i}*{j}={i*j}', end=' ')
    print()

  

    

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/littleb/p/11792471.html