quartz任务时间调度入门使用（一）

Quartz 是 OpenSymphony 开源组织在任务调度领域的一个开源项目，完全基于 Java 实现。

作为一个优秀的开源调度框架，Quartz 具有以下特点：

强大的调度功能，例如支持丰富多样的调度方法，可以满足各种常规及特殊需求；
灵活的应用方式，例如支持任务和调度的多种组合方式，支持调度数据的多种存储方式；
分布式和集群能力，Terracotta 收购后在原来功能基础上作了进一步提升。本文暂不讨论该部分内容

另外，作为 Spring 默认的调度框架，Quartz 很容易与 Spring 集成实现灵活可配置的调度功能。

下面是本文中用到的一些专用词汇，在此声明：

scheduler：: 任务调度器
trigger：: 触发器，用于定义任务调度时间规则
job：: 任务，即被调度的任务
misfire：: 错过的，指本来应该被执行但实际没有被执行的任务调度

1、首先下载一份quartz源文件，下载地址：http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/，解压出来，我的是quartz-2.2.3版本，也可以直接发邮件给我912547587@qq.com索要，我解压出来，如图所示：

2、打开文件夹quartz-2.2.3,里面内容如图所示：

docs：一些文件信息；

examples：官方的案例；

javadoc:官方API；

lib:开发过程中所使用的jar包；

licenses:版本的序列号

src:quartz源码信息；

3、根据官方案例库，我们来学习一下他们调用过程，首先创建一个eclipse的Java工程，将项目导进去，创建两个Java文件和一个log4j.xml文件，eclipse结构如图：

SimpleExample.jav 1

 2 package org.quartz.examples.example1;
 3 
 4 import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
 5 import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
 6 import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
 7 
 8 import org.quartz.JobDetail;
 9 import org.quartz.Scheduler;
10 import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
11 import org.quartz.Trigger;
12 import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
13 import org.slf4j.Logger;
14 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
15 
16 import java.util.Date;
17 
18 /**
19  * This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule a job to run in
20  * Quartz.
21  * 
22  * @author Bill Kratzer
23  */
24 public class SimpleExample {
25 
26   public void run() throws Exception {
27     Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleExample.class);
28 
29     log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
30 
31     // First we must get a reference to a scheduler，首先我们获取一个任务调度器
32     SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
33     Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
34 
35     log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
36 
37     // computer a time that is on the next round minute获取下一个整点分钟，比如现在是11:20:23,获取的时间就是11:21:00
38     Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
39 
40     log.info("------- Scheduling Job  -------------------");
41 
42     // define the job and tie it to our HelloJob class定义一个任务，并把要执行的逻辑告诉Job任务
43     JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
44 
45     // Trigger the job to run on the next round minute，触发器，当下一个整点分钟执行HelloJOb中的逻辑

46     Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startAt(runTime).build();
47 
48     // Tell quartz to schedule the job using our trigger将任务和触发器加入到任务调度器中
49     sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
50     log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
51 
52     // Start up the scheduler (nothing can actually run until the
53     // scheduler has been started)任务启动
54     sched.start();
55 
56     log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
57 
58     // wait long enough so that the scheduler as an opportunity to
59     // run the job!等待10s中
60     log.info("------- Waiting 10 seconds... -------------");
61     try {
62       // wait 65 seconds to show job
63       Thread.sleep(10L * 1000L);
64       // executing...
65     } catch (Exception e) {
66       //
67     }
68 
69     // shut down the scheduler任务自动关闭
70     log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
71     sched.shutdown(true);
72     log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
73   }
74 
75   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
76 
77     SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();
78     example.run();
79 
80   }
81 
82 }

HelloJob.java

 1 /* 
 2  * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. 
 3  * 
 4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
 5  * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy 
 6  * of the License at 
 7  * 
 8  *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 9  *   
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 
12  * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 
13  * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations 
14  * under the License.
15  * 
16  */
17  
18 package org.quartz.examples.example1;
19 
20 import java.util.Date;
21 
22 import org.slf4j.Logger;
23 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
24 import org.quartz.Job;
25 import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
26 import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
27 
28 /**
29  * <p>
30  * This is just a simple job that says "Hello" to the world.
31  * </p>
32  * 
33  * @author Bill Kratzer
34  */
35 public class HelloJob implements Job {
36 
37     private static Logger _log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloJob.class);
38 
39     /**
40      * <p>
41      * Empty constructor for job initilization
42      * </p>
43      * <p>
44      * Quartz requires a public empty constructor so that the
45      * scheduler can instantiate the class whenever it needs.
46      * </p>
47      */
48     public HelloJob() {
49     }
50 
51     /**
52      * <p>
53      * Called by the <code>{@link org.quartz.Scheduler}</code> when a
54      * <code>{@link org.quartz.Trigger}</code> fires that is associated with
55      * the <code>Job</code>.
56      * </p>
57      * 
58      * @throws JobExecutionException
59      *             if there is an exception while executing the job.
60      */
61     public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
62         throws JobExecutionException {
63 
64         // Say Hello to the World and display the date/time要执行的业务逻辑
65         _log.info("Hello World! - " + new Date());
66     }
67 
68 }

log4j.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">

  <appender name="default" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
    <param name="target" value="System.out"/>
    <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
      <param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%p] %d{dd MMM hh:mm:ss.SSS aa} %t [%c]%n%m%n%n"/>
    </layout>
  </appender>


 <logger name="org.quartz">
   <level value="info" />
 </logger>

  <root>
    <level value="info" />
    <appender-ref ref="default" />
  </root>

  
</log4j:configuration>

执行结果日志：

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:36 992 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Initializing ----------------------

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 028 main [org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory]
Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 032 main [org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool]
Job execution threads will use class loader of thread: main

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 044 main [org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl]
Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 045 main [org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler]
Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.3 created.

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 045 main [org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore]
RAMJobStore initialized.

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 047 main [org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler]
Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.3) 'DefaultQuartzScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
  Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
  NOT STARTED.
  Currently in standby mode.
  Number of jobs executed: 0
  Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 10 threads.
  Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.


[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 047 main [org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory]
Quartz scheduler 'DefaultQuartzScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 047 main [org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory]
Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.3

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 047 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Initialization Complete -----------

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 048 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Scheduling Job  -------------------

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 058 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
group1.job1 will run at: Mon Mar 20 18:32:00 CST 2017

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 058 main [org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler]
Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 059 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Started Scheduler -----------------

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:37 059 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:47 060 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Shutting Down ---------------------

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:47 060 main [org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler]
Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:47 060 main [org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler]
Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:47 535 main [org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler]
Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

[INFO] 2017-03-20 18:31:47 535 main [org.quartz.examples.example1.SimpleExample]
------- Shutdown Complete -----------------