day107:MoFang:Python操作MongoDB数据库:PyMongo

目录

PyMongo

　　1.PyMongo安装

　　2.数据库连接

　　3.数据库管理

　　4.集合管理

　　5.文档管理

PyMongo

1.PyMongo安装

pip install pymongo

2.数据库连接

1.数据库连接,无密码

import pymongo
mongo = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/")

2.数据库连接,有密码

# 方式1：
import pymongo
from urllib import parse
username = parse.quote_plus('mofang')   # 对用户名进行编码
password = parse.quote_plus('123456')  # 对密码进行编码
database = "mofang" # 数据库名称
host     = "127.0.0.1"
port     = "27017"
mongo = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://%s:%s@%s:%s/%s' % ( username, password, host, port, database))


# 方式2：
import pymongo
from urllib import parse
username = parse.quote_plus('mofang')   # 对用户名进行编码
password = parse.quote_plus('123456')  # 对密码进行编码
database = "mofang" # 数据库名称
mongo = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017') # 组装成url进行连接
my_db = mongo["mofang"]
my_db.authenticate(username,password)



# 方式3：
import pymongo
from urllib import parse
username = parse.quote_plus('root')   # 对用户名进行编码
password = parse.quote_plus('123456')  # 对密码进行编码
host     = "127.0.0.1"
port     = "27017"
database = "mofang" # 数据库名称
mongo = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://%s:%s@%s:%s/admin' % ( username, password, host, port))
my_db = mongo[database]
my_collection = my_db["my_collection"] # 没有往集合里面保存文档之前，mongdb不会真正创建集合!

3.数据库管理

import pymongo

# 数据库连接
mongo = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/")

# 创建数据库
my_db  = mongo["my_db"] # 没有往集合里面保存文档之前，mongdb不会真正创建集合!

# 查看数据库列表
print(mongo.list_database_names()) # 上面的 my_db 因为没有内容，所以没有被创建的。

# 数据库的删除,仅仅是清空所有集合就可以了

4.集合管理

import pymongo

mongo = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/")
my_db = mongo["my_db"]

my_collection = my_db["my_collection"] # 没有往集合里面保存文档之前，mongdb不会真正创建集合!

# 查看集合列表
print(my_db.list_collection_names())

'''删除集合'''
# 方式11.
my_collections = my_db["notify_list"]
my_collections.drop()  # 删除成功返回true，如果集合不存在，返回false

# 方式2
my_db.drop_collection("notify_list")

5.文档管理

1.添加文档

from pymongo import MongoClient
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017")
my_db = connect["mofang"]
my_collections = my_db["my_collections"]

# 添加一条数据
document = { "name": "xiaoming", "mobile": "13012345678","age":16,"sex":True}
ret = my_collections.insert_one(document)
print(ret.inserted_id) # 返回主键ID

# 添加多条数据
data_list = [
    { "name": "xiaobai", "mobile": "13322345678","age":16,"sex":False},
    { "name": "xiaohei", "mobile": "13322345678","age":20,"sex":True},
    { "name": "xiaohong", "mobile": "13322345678","age":13,"sex":False},
    { "name": "xiaolan", "mobile": "13322345678","age":17,"sex":True},
    { "name": "xiaolv", "mobile": "13322345678","age":17,"sex":True},
    { "name": "xiaolong", "mobile": "13322345678","age":16,"sex":False},
    { "name": "xiaofei", "mobile": "13322345678","age":18,"sex":True},
]
ret = my_collections.insert_many(data_list)
print(ret.inserted_ids)

2.查询文档

import pymongo

mongo = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/")
my_db = mongo["my_db"]
my_collection = my_db["my_collection"]

# 查看一个文档
ret = my_collection.find_one() # 查询不到则返回None
print(ret)

# 查看所有文档
for document in my_collection.find():  # 查询不到,返回空列表
    print(document)

# 查看文档部分字段，find和find_one的第二个参数表示控制字段的显示隐藏，1为显示，0为隐藏
for document in my_collection.find({},{ "_id": 0, "name": 1, "mobile": 1 }):
    print(document)

# 条件查询
query = { "age": 18 }
document_list = my_collection.find(query) # find_one则返回一个文档
for document in document_list:
    print(document)

# 比较运算符
query = { "age": {"$gt":17} }
document_list = my_collection.find(query)
for document in document_list:
    print(document)

# 排序显示
# 单个字段排序：
'''
         sort("键", 1) 升序
        sort("键",-1) 降序
'''
# 多个字段排序：
'''
      sort([("键1",1),("键2",-1)])
'''
document_list = my_collection.find().sort("age")
for document in document_list:
    print(document)
    
# 限制查询结果数量
document_list = my_collections.find().limit(3)
print(document_list)

3.删除文档

import pymongo

mongo = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/")
my_db = mongo["my_db"]
my_collection = my_db["my_collection"]

# 删除一个文档
query = {"name":"xiaoming"}
my_collection.delete_one(query)

# 删除多个文档
query = { "mobile": {"$regex": "^130"} }
ret = my_collection.delete_many(query)
print("删除了%d个文档" % ret.deleted_count)

# 查询一条数据出来并删除
# 返回一条数据，如果没有，则返回None
query = {"name":"xiaobai"}
document = my_collection.find_one_and_delete(query)
print(document) # {'_id': ObjectId('5fd1e9f17ee514c5ea91823c'), 'name': 'xiaobai', 'mobile': '13322345678', 'age': 16, 'sex': False}

4.更新文档

from pymongo import MongoClient
# 数据库链接，必须保证当前系统能正常访问mongodb！！!
connect = MongoClient("mongodb://root:123@127.0.0.1:27017/admin")
my_db = connect["mofang"]
my_collection = my_db["my_collections"]

"""更新文档"""
"""按条件更新一个文档的指定数据"""
query = { "name": "xiaofei" }
upsert = { "$set": { "age": 22 } }
ret = my_collection.update_one(query, upsert)
print(ret.modified_count) # 0 表示没有任何修改，1表示修改成功

"""按条件累加/累减指定数值一个文档的指定数据"""
query = { "name": "xiaofei" }
upsert = { "$inc": { "age": -1 } } # 累减
# upsert = { "$inc": { "age": 1 } }  # 累加
ret = my_collection.update_one(query, upsert)
print(ret.modified_count)

"""更新多条数据"""
# 把所有以"133"开头的手机码号的文档，全部改成15012345678
query = { "mobile": {"$regex":"^150"} }
upsert = { "$set": { "mobile": "18512345678" } }
ret = my_collection.update_many(query, upsert)
print(ret.modified_count)