ASP.NET MVC系列:UrlRouting

1. URLRouting简介

    URL(Uniform Resource Locator),统一资源定位器,是用于完整描述Internet上的网页或其他资源地址的一种标识方法。

  URL一般可以由6部分组成,格式如下:

protocol :// hostname [:port] [/path] [?parameters] [#fragment]

  URL各部分说明:

  protocol 协议:可以是HTTP(超文本传输协议)、FTP(文件传输协议)和HTTPS(安全超文本传输协议)。

  hostname 主机名:指在互联网中存放资源的服务器DNS主机名或IP地址。

  port 端口号:该选项是一个小于66536的正整数,是各服务器或协议约定的通信端口。

  path 路径:用来表示一个Web站点中的目录或文件资源的地址。

  parameters 参数列表:参数形式为以=隔开的键/值对,多个参数之间用&连接。

  fragment 信息片段:用于直接定位到页面中的某个锚点标记。

2. URLRouting与URLRewrite区别

  URLRouting是一组从URL到请求处理程序间的映射规则,将URL映射到能够处理业务需求的Action上。URLRouting是一个独立的类库System.Web.Routing.dll。

  URLRouting为将URL映射到Controller的Action上,处理流程图如下:

  URLRewrite为将URL映射到具体的文件资源上,处理流程图如下:

3. ASP.NET MVC中使用及自定义URLRouting规则

  在Web.config文件中与Routing有关的的节点:sytem.web.httpModules,system.web.httpHandlers,system.webserver.modules,system.webserver.handlers。

  ASP.NET MVC应用程序第一次启动时,将调用Global.asax中Application_Start()方法。每个ASP.NET MVC应用程序至少需要定义一个URLRouting来指明应用程序如何处理请求,复杂的应用程序可以包含多个URLRouting。

3.1 App_Start/RouteConfig.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace Libing.Portal.Web
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

  Global.asax

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace Libing.Portal.Web
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
        }
    }
}

3.2 Route类

  RouteCollection对象以静态属性的方式声明在RouteTable的属性Routes中,RouteCollection对象存储的是Route类的实例。一个完整的Route类实例需要有URL、默认值、约束、数据密钥及路由处理程序等属性。

public RouteValueDictionary Constraints { get; set; }
public RouteValueDictionary DataTokens { get; set; }
public RouteValueDictionary Defaults { get; set; }
public IRouteHandler RouteHandler { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }

3.3 Route类属性

  name:
  路由名称,必须是唯一不能重复。

  url:
  在Route类中,属性URL是一个字符串,用于描述请求中URL的格式。该字符串可能不完全是一个实际的URL,可以带一些{}标记的占位符,使用占位符可以从URL中提取数据。如:

"{controller}/{action}/{id}"

  {controller}参数的值用于实例化一个处理请求的控制类对象,{action}参数的值用于指明处理当前请求将调用控制器中的方法。

  defaults:

new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }

  constraints:

new { controller = @"^\w+", action = @"^\w+", id = @"\d+" }

  namespaces:

  Route.DataTokens属性,获取或设置传递到路由处理程序但未用于确定该路由是否匹配 URL 模式的自定义值。

3.4 自定义URLRouting规则

  分页:

routes.MapRoute(
"Page",
"{controller}/List/Page/{page}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "List", page = UrlParameter.Optional },
new { page = @"\d*" }
);
public string List(int? page)
{
return page == null ? "1" : page.ToString();
}

  本地化多语言Routing:

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
    routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

    // 本地化
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Localization",
        url: "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { lang = "zh-CN", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
        constraints: new { lang = "^[a-zA-Z]{2}(-[a-zA-Z]{2})?$" }
    );

    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Default",
        url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );
}

  分页Routing:

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "PagedList",
    url: "{controller}/Page/{page}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Product", action = "Index" },
    constraints: new { page = @"\d+" }
);

  Blog根据日期Routing:

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "blog",
    url: "blog/{user}/{year}/{month}/{day}",
    //defaults: new { controller = "Blog", action = "Index", day = 1 },
    defaults: new RouteValueDictionary{
        {"controller", "Blog"},
        {"action", "Index"},
        {"day", 1}
    },
    constraints: new { year = @"\d{4}", month = @"\d{1,2}", day = @"\d{1,2}" }
);

  Reports根据年月Routing:

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Reports",
    url: "Reports/{year}/{month}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Reports", action = "Index" },
    constraints: new { year = @"\d{4}", month = @"\d{1,2}" }
);

3.5 创建Routing约束

  使用正则表达式来指定路由约束:

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Product",
    url: "Product/{ProductID}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Product", action = "Details" },
    constraints: new { ProductID = @"\d+" }
);

3.6 自定义Routing约束

  通过实现IRouteConstraint接口来实现自定义路由。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

using System.Web.Routing;

namespace Libing.Portal.Web.Models.Constraints
{
    public class LocalhostConstraint : IRouteConstraint
    {
        public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext,
            Route route,
            string parameterName,
            RouteValueDictionary values,
            RouteDirection routeDirection)
        {
            return httpContext.Request.IsLocal;
        }
    }
}
routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Admin",
    url: "Admin/{action}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Admin" },
    constraints: new { isLocal = new LocalhostConstraint() }
);

  自定义浏览器访问Routing约束:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

using System.Web.Routing;

namespace Libing.Portal.Web.Models.Constraints
{
    public class UserAgentConstraint:IRouteConstraint
    {
        private string _userAgent;

        public UserAgentConstraint(string userAgent)
        {
            _userAgent = userAgent;
        }

        public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
        {
            return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null && httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(_userAgent);
        }
    }
}
routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Chrome",
    url: "{*catchall}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" },
    constraints: new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }
);

  自定义用户个人网址Routing:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

using System.Web.Routing;

using Libing.Portal.Web.Models;

namespace Libing.Portal.Web.Models.Constraints
{
    public class UserConstraint : IRouteConstraint
    {
        public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
        {
            using (PortalContext context = new PortalContext())
            {
                string userRouteValue = values["user"].ToString();

                var user = (from u in context.Users
                            where u.UserName == userRouteValue
                            select u).FirstOrDefault();

                return user != null;
            }
        }
    }
}
routes.MapRoute(
    name: "User",
    url: "{user}/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
    constraints: new { isValidUser = new UserConstraint() }
);

4. 使用RouteDebugger调试URLRouting

  RouteDebugger为一个独立的类库,RouteDebug.dll,可以从网上下载到,使用方法如下:

  1>. 添加对RouteDebug引用;

  2>. Global.ascx修改

 using RouteDebug;

protected void Application_Start()
{
  AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

  RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
  RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);

  RouteDebugger.RewriteRoutesForTesting(RouteTable.Routes); // 添加RouteDebug
}

  附件:RouteDebug.rar

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/libingql/p/2435687.html