1.ipv4
ipv4一共32bit，每8个bit转换为一个十进制数，就形成了我们熟知的点分十进制IP地址。
# 192.168.1.1 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000001
2.ipv6
ipv6一共有128bit，每16bit使用冒号分割，以16进制来表示。
2001:0000:a000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
一共8个部分，每个部分16bit，以冒号分割开。
以前导零压缩，可以将上述IPv6地址简写为如下形式：
2001:0:a000:0:0:0:0:1
再使用 :: 来表示连续的0，变为如下形式：
2001:0:a000::1
一个ipv6地址中最多只能有一个 :: ，代表多个连续的0，补够8部分即可。
3.命令行模式配置ipv6
1）首先开启NetworkManager
[root@centos7-test etc]# systemctl restart NetworkManager [root@centos7-test etc]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 ethernet eth0 virbr0 74ae6b0d-c915-41a3-8de4-2d94ae19f2ef bridge virbr0
2）查看eth0的ipv6信息
[root@centos7-test etc]# nmcli connection show eth0 | grep ipv6 ipv6.method: ignore ipv6.dns: -- ipv6.dns-search: -- ipv6.dns-options: "" ipv6.dns-priority: 0 ipv6.addresses: -- ipv6.gateway: -- ipv6.routes: -- ipv6.route-metric: -1 ipv6.route-table: 0 (unspec) ipv6.routing-rules: -- ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no ipv6.never-default: no ipv6.may-fail: yes ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown) ipv6.addr-gen-mode: stable-privacy ipv6.dhcp-duid: -- ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes ipv6.dhcp-hostname: -- ipv6.token: --
可以看到，目前是没有ipv6信息的。
3）配置ipv6
[root@centos7-test etc]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv6.method auto [root@centos7-test etc]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv6.addresses 2001::2/64 ipv7.method manual [root@centos7-test etc]# nmcli connection show eth0 | grep ipv6 ipv6.method: manual ipv6.dns: -- ipv6.dns-search: -- ipv6.dns-options: "" ipv6.dns-priority: 0 ipv6.addresses: 2001::2/64 ipv6.gateway: -- ipv6.routes: -- ipv6.route-metric: -1 ipv6.route-table: 0 (unspec) ipv6.routing-rules: -- ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no ipv6.never-default: no ipv6.may-fail: yes ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown) ipv6.addr-gen-mode: stable-privacy ipv6.dhcp-duid: -- ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes ipv6.dhcp-hostname: -- ipv6.token: --
在配置ipv6之前，需要先将method配置为auto或manual。
4）重启网络
[root@centos7-test etc]# systemctl restart network [root@centos7-test etc]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.4.211 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255 inet6 fe80::7848:20c6:5a7e:9a07 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 2001::2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global> ether 00:0c:29:c8:38:de txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 750261 bytes 1087296866 (1.0 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 409155 bytes 31060072 (29.6 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
4.图形界面配置ipv6
1）启动nm-connection-editor
[root@centos7-devel ~]# nm-connection-editor & [1] 33226
2）配置eth0的ipv6
3）重启网络
[root@centos7-devel ~]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.4.210 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255 inet6 2001::3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global> inet6 fe80::505a:a162:866b:74df prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:7e:61:77 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1127940 bytes 757489172 (722.3 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8518578 bytes 533827717 (509.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
5.修改配置文件配置ipv6
[root@centos7-test etc]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none NAME=eth0 #UUID="a4305c7c-05ea-457d-b17f-177f04416117" DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.4.211 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.4.1 DNS1=61.139.2.69 PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=no IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy UUID=5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 IPV6ADDR=2001::2/64
6.ipv6互相ping
[root@centos7-test etc]# ping6 2001::3 PING 2001::3(2001::3) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 2001::3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.613 ms 64 bytes from 2001::3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.23 ms 64 bytes from 2001::3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.325 ms 64 bytes from 2001::3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.348 ms
注意，ping只能用于ipv4，而ipv6要使用ping6。
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